Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods
In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.
1. A non-hazardous composition comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or a combination thereof, and mercury, a mercury derivative, or a combination thereof, wherein the carbonates, bicarbonates, or the combination thereof have a relative carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) value less than −5.00‰ wherein the mercury is in a non-leachable form in the composition, and wherein the composition, when subjected to a leaching process comprising
preparing 2×1 L of an extraction fluid comprising an aqueous solution of acetic acid, wherein each 1 L of the extraction fluid comprises 5.7 mL acetic acid in deionized water;
grinding the solid such that particles of ground solid are less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension if the particles are not already less than 1 cm in the narrowest dimension;
placing 100 g of the ground solid into an extraction vessel with 2 L of the extraction fluid to produce an extraction composition;
rotating the extraction vessel in an end-over-end fashion for 18±2 hours at room temperature;
filtering the extraction composition through borosilicate glass fiber with a pore size of 0.6 μm to 0.8 μm to produce a leachate; and
adjusting pH of the leachate with 1 N nitric acid to a pH of pH 2 or less than pH 2;
produces a leachate comprising less than 2.0 mg/L of mercury.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the relative carbon isotope composition value is less than −10.00‰.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the relative carbon isotope composition value is less than −20.00‰.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least 90% carbonates.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the leachate comprises less than 1.0 mg/L of mercury.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the leachate comprises less than 0.5 mg/L of mercury.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a sulfur-containing compound.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the sulfur-containing compound is a sulfate or a sulfite.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbonate or the bicarbonate is a calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate, respectively.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the calcium carbonate comprises a metastable form selected from the group consisting of vaterite, amorphous calcium carbonate, and combination thereof.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises metals selected from the group consisting of Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn, and combination thereof.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a particle size of between 0.1-100 μm.