Ionic electron conductive polymer capacitor
Technologies are generally described for an electron conductive polymer capacitor may incorporate a conductive polymer mixture embedded with carbon nanoparticles between electrodes to rapidly charge and store large amounts of charge compared to conventional electrolytic capacitors. Such a capacitor may be constructed with a laminate sheet including layers of inner and outer electrodes, an electrolyte mixture between the electrodes, a conductive polymer mixture, and a composite mixture of carbon nanoparticles embedded in the conductive polymer between the inner electrodes. The laminate sheet may be wound into a roll and the inner and outer electrodes are coupled electrically. When an electric field is applied, cations within the electrolyte mixture move towards the outer electrodes and anions towards the inner electrodes. Further, the inner conductive polymer layer is ionized causing electrons to move toward the inner electrodes to be deposited onto high surface area carbon nanoparticles where charge is stored.
1. An electrochemical capacitor, comprising:
two outer electrodes;
two inner electrodes;
an electrolyte mixture that includes an ionically conducting polymer, a propylene carbonate, and one of an ionic salt or an ionic mixture, wherein the electrolyte mixture is disposed between the outer electrodes and the inner electrodes, and wherein a concentration of the ionic salt or the ionic mixture is matched to a maximum electron charge in a conductive polymer layer to achieve maximum charge storage capacity;
the conductive polymer layer deposited between the two inner electrodes and configured such that electrons are mobile when an electric field is applied between each of the outer and inner electrodes; and
a composite material of carbon nanoparticles embedded in the conductive polymer layer wherein the composite materials deposited along an inside surface of the inner electrodes between the inner electrode and the conductive polymer layer.
2. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the two inner electrodes are electrically coupled together and the two outer electrodes are electrically coupled together.
3. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes comprise aluminum.
4. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the inner and outer electrodes have a thickness varying in a range from about 10 microns to about 50 microns.
5. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are biased when the capacitor is being charged such that the outer electrodes are negatively charged and the inner electrodes are positively charged.
6. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are textured with pores varying in size from about 1 nanometer to about 999 nanometers in order to increase a surface area.
7. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte mixture has a thickness varying in a range from about 1 micron to about 100 microns.
8. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , the ionically conducting polymer comprising polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight in a range from about 10 5 to about 10 7 .
9. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the ionic salt or the ionic mixture comprise at least one cation that includes Li + , Na + , NH 4 , and NR 4 + , where R represents a hydrocarbon, and at least one anion that includes ClO 4 − , RSO 3 − , and BF 4 − , where R represents a hydrocarbon.
10. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer layer has a thickness varying in a range from about 1 micron to about 100 microns.
11. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer layer includes one or more polymers that include polyanilines, polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polypyridines, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, and polyphenylene sulfide.
12. The electrochemical capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanoparticles have an average diameter in a range from about 10 to about 100 nanometers.