Antimicrobial substrate
A method of preparing antimicrobial-containing polymeric products is provided, the method involving electrospinning a dispersion comprising a dispersible polymer, a fiberizing polymer, and one or more antimicrobial agents. The electrospun material is heated to remove solvent and the fiberizing polymer, giving a nonwoven polymeric material having antimicrobial agent incorporated therein. The material can be in the form of, for example, a non-woven sheet, tube, or covering.
1. A method of making a nonwoven mat comprising one or more antimicrobial agents, comprising:
providing a dispersion comprising:
a fluorinated polymer;
a fiberizing polymer;
one or more antimicrobial agents; and
a solvent;
electrospinning said dispersion to give a mat precursor; and
heating said mat precursor at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove said solvent and said fiberizing polymer, in order to form a nonwoven mat.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrospinning comprises:
providing an apparatus comprising a charge source and a target a distance from said charge source;
providing a voltage source to create a first charge at said charge source and an opposing charge at said target wherein said dispersion is electrostatically charged by contact with said charge source; and
collecting said electrostatically charged dispersion on said target.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more antimicrobial agents are selected from the group consisting of silver, silver compounds, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more antimicrobial agents comprise silver nanoparticles.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the metal oxides and metal sulfides are selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, selenium sulfide, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nonwoven mat comprises the one or more antimicrobial agents in an amount of between about 10 ppm and about 10,000 ppm.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said nonwoven mat comprises the one or more antimicrobial agents in an amount of between about 1,000 ppm and about 5,000 ppm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluorinated polymer is provided in the form of a resin comprising about 50% to about 80% polymer solids by weight.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluorinated polymer has an average particle size of between about 0.1 μm and about 0.3 μm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluorinated polymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluorinated polymer is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV), poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene), and copolymers, blends, and derivatives thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of fiberizing polymer is between about 3.0 and about 5.5 percent by weight of the amount of fluorinated polymer.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fiberizing polymer has a solubility in said solvent of greater than about 0.5 weight percent at room temperature.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fiberizing polymer is polyethylene oxide.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polyethylene oxide has a number average molecular weight of from about 50,000 amu to about 4,000,000 amu.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent is water.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said dispersion has a viscosity of greater than 50,000 cP.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the viscosity is from about 70,000 cP to about 150,000 cP.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voltage used during electrospinning is about 2,000 to about 100,000 volts.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating is conducted between about 350° C. and about 485° C.
21. A method of making a nonwoven polytetrafluoroethylene mat comprising one or more antimicrobial agents, comprising:
providing a dispersion comprising:
polytetrafluoroethylene;
polyethylene oxide;
one or more antimicrobial agents selected from the group consisting of silver, silver compounds, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and mixtures thereof; and
a solvent;
electrospinning said dispersion to give a polytetrafluoroethylene mat precursor; and
heating said polytetrafluoroethylene mat precursor at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove said solvent and polyethylene oxide, in order to form a nonwoven polytetrafluoroethylene mat.