Systems and methods for the determination of formation water resistivity and conductivity

1. A method comprising:

measuring a first capacitance of a subsurface sample at a first frequency using a measurement system;

measuring a second capacitance of the subsurface sample at a second frequency using the measurement system;

calculating a ratio of the first capacitance to the second capacitance using the measurement system; and

determining a formation water resistivity or conductivity of formation water disposed in pore spaces of the subsurface sample using the ratio and the measurement system.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining comprises correlating a relationship between ratios of capacitances of known subsurface samples and water resistivities or conductivities of the known subsurface samples.

3. The method of claim 2 , comprising:

measuring water resistivities or conductivities of a plurality of known subsurface samples using the measurement system;

measuring capacitances of the plurality of known subsurface samples at two or more frequencies using the measurement system;

calculating ratios of the capacitances of the plurality of known subsurface samples; and

correlating the ratios to the water resistivities or conductivities.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein correlating is determined based at least in part by performing a regression analysis of the water resistivities or conductivities of the plurality of known subsurface samples and the ratios of the capacitances of the plurality of known subsurface samples.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein correlating comprises generating an equation, a table of values, or a curve plotted on a graph, or a combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a frequency ratio of the first frequency to the second frequency is between approximately 0.3:1 to 0.7:1.

7. The method of claim 1 , comprising estimating a gas saturation, oil saturation, or water saturation of the subsurface sample based at least in part on the determined formation water resistivity or conductivity.

8. The method of claim 1 , comprising generating a report presenting at least the determined formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample.

9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:

obtaining the subsurface sample from a hydrocarbon formation; and

producing hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon formation based at least in part on the determined formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein producing hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon formation comprises:

recovering hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon deposit; and

processing the recovered hydrocarbons.

11. A system comprising:

a measurement system configured to sense capacitances of a subsurface sample at two or more frequencies, determine a ratio of the capacitances, and determine a formation water resistivity or conductivity of formation water disposed in pore spaces of the subsurface sample using the ratio of capacitances.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample is determined based on a correlation between ratios of capacitances of known subsurface samples and water resistivities or conductivities of the known subsurface samples.

13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the measurement system is configured to generate a report presenting at least the determined formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample.

14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the measurement system is configured to operate at least partially automatically.

15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the measurement system comprises a computing device configured to determine the formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample and a display device configured to display the formation water resistivity or conductivity of the subsurface sample.

16. A system comprising:

a sensor configured to be inserted into a well and configured to sense capacitances of a formation of the well at two or more frequencies; and

a measurement system configured to receive the capacitances from the sensor, determine a ratio of the capacitances, and determine a formation water resistivity or conductivity of formation water disposed in pore spaces of the formation of the well using the ratio of capacitances.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the formation water resistivity or conductivity of the formation of the well is determined based on a correlation between ratios of capacitances of known subsurface samples and water resistivities or conductivities of the known subsurface samples.

18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the sensor is coupled to the measurement system, and the measurement system is configured to determine the formation water resistivity or conductivity while adjacent to the well.

19. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining the formation water resistivity or conductivity of formation water disposed in the pore spaces of the subsurface sample without removing the formation water from the subsurface sample.

20. The system of claim 16 , wherein the formation water resistivity or conductivity comprises a complex formation water resistivity or conductivity.