Organic light emitting diode and method for producing an organic light emitting diode
View Patent ↗An organic light-emitting diode includes an organic light-emitting layer located between a transparent electrode and one other electrode on a substrate. In some embodiments at least one of the transparent electrode and the other electrode has two layers. The two layers include a structured layer, which is a charge carrier injection layer, and a conductive second layer into which the first layer is embedded. In some embodiments the organic light-emitting layer includes a structured charge carrier blocking layer.
1. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), comprising:
a substrate, and
an organic light-emitting layer between a transparent first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the organic light-emitting layer is on the substrate, wherein at least the transparent first electrode has two layers, and the two layers are comprised of a structured first layer being a charge carrier injection layer, and a conductive second layer in which the first layer is embedded, and wherein the first layer is between the conductive second layer and the organic light-emitting layer.
2. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the transparent first electrode is located between the organic light-emitting layer and the substrate.
3. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the transparent first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode.
4. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the transparent first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode.
5. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein: the substrate is transparent.
6. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the structured first layer has a thickness of less or equal to 12 nm.
7. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the structured first layer is selected from the following group of materials: barium (Ba), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), carbonate, fluoride, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium carbonate, cesium fluoride (CsF) and any combination of these materials.
8. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive second layer is a layer of conductive material having a greater thickness than the structured first layer.
9. The OLED according to claim 8 , wherein the conductive second layer is a layer of vapor-deposited metal.
10. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive second layer has a thickness of 50 to 300 nm.
11. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the conductive second layer is selected from the following group of materials: Aluminum (Al), Silver (Ag) as well as any combinations or alloys thereof.
12. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting layer includes a layer stack with at least one of the following layers: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron luminescence layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer.
13. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting layer, the transparent first electrode and the second electrode are continuous across the entire substrate.
14. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the operation of the OLED creates a structured luminous impression for the viewer.
15. The OLED according to claim 1 , wherein the second electrode includes a further structured first layer and a further conductive second layer.
16. A method for the fabrication of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), comprising:
applying an organic light-emitting layer to a substrate, wherein the organic light-emitting layer is located between a transparent first electrode and a broadly applied second electrode; and
applying at least the transparent first electrode such that a structured first layer, being a charge carrier injection layer, is embedded into a conductive second layer, and wherein the first layer is between the conductive second layer and the organic light-emitting layer.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first layer is applied in a structured manner by vapor depositing through a shadow mask.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first structured layer is an injection layer for electrons and is deposited in a structured manner during vapor-depositing using at least one shadow mask.
19. The OLED of claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting layer comprises one structured charge carrier blocking layer.
20. The OLED according to claim 19 , wherein the charge carrier blocking layer is in contact to one the first and the second electrode.
21. The OLED according to claim 19 , wherein:
the organic light-emitting layer comprises at least two organic layers; and
the structured charge carrier blocking layer extends up to a boundary surface between the at least two organic layers.
22. The OLED according to claim 19 , wherein:
the organic light-emitting layer comprises a plurality of organic layers; and
the structured charge carrier blocking layer is embedded into one of the plurality of organic layers.
23. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), comprising:
a substrate, and
an organic light-emitting layer between a transparent first electrode and a second electrode, the organic light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate, the transparent first electrode having two layers, and the two layers are comprised of a structured first layer being a charge carrier injection layer and a conductive second layer in which the first layer is embedded, wherein the first layer is configured to inject, as compared to the second layer, a higher number of charge carriers into the organic light-emitting layer, wherein the structured first layer and a conductive second layer are both in direct contact with the organic light-emitting layer.