Methods and systems for numerically simulating muscle movements along bones and around joints
Systems and methods for numerically simulating muscle's movements along bones and around joints are disclosed. A computerized model containing a plurality of truss elements along with one or more rollers is used. The truss elements are configured for modeling a muscle strand while each roller is configured for a joint. Each truss element includes two end nodes and is configured or associated with a muscle bio-mechanical property model. Each roller is fixed at the location of a corresponding joint. To simulate the muscle strand movements around the joint, each pair of truss elements straddling a roller is adjusted dynamically in a time-marching simulation (e.g., computer simulation of an impact event of an automobile and one or more occupants). Adjustments are performed at each solution cycle of the time-marching simulation. Adjustments include two types—“slipping” and “swapping”.
1. A method of numerically simulating muscle movements along bones and around joints comprising:
receiving, in a computer system having an application module configured for performing time-marching muscle movements simulation installed thereon, a computerized model containing a plurality of truss elements and at least one roller, said plurality of truss elements being configured to represent a muscle strand while each roller being configured to represent a joint and said plurality of truss elements being associated with a muscle bio-mechanical property model;
conducting the time-marching simulation using the computerized model with the application module in the computer system, the time-marching simulation containing a series of consecutive solution cycles representing passage of time;
calculating axial stresses and strains of said plurality of truss elements at each solution cycle; and
applying slipping and swapping adjustments to each truss element pair that straddles each roller to obtain numerically simulated movements of the muscle strand along bones and around joints.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said slipping adjustment redefines respective unstretched length of each element of said each truss element pair.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said swapping adjustment occurs when one element of said each truss element pair has become shorter than a threshold due to said slipping adjustment.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said swapping adjustment moves said one element of said each truss element pair from a first side of said each roller to a second side.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said one element of said each truss element pair is configured with a length greater than the threshold after said swapping adjustment.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the respective unstretched lengths are iteratively determined using Capstan equation at said each roller.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said Capstan equation is a function of respective axial stresses and strains of said each truss element pair and said each roller's wrap angle.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said each roller's wrap angle is determined by respective orientations of said each truss element pair.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the computerized model is a finite element analysis model.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said muscle bio-mechanical property model comprises a nonlinear Hill-type muscle bio-mechanical property model.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said each roller contains a node shared by said each truss element pair.
12. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing computer executable instructions for numerically simulating muscle movements along bones and around joints by a method comprising:
receiving, in a computer system having an application module configured for performing time-marching muscle movements simulation installed thereon, a computerized model containing a plurality of truss elements and at least one roller, said plurality of truss elements being configured to represent a muscle strand while each roller being configured to represent a joint and said plurality of truss elements being associated with a muscle bio-mechanical property model;
conducting the time-marching simulation using the computerized model with the application module in the computer system, the time-marching simulation containing a series of consecutive solution cycles representing passage of time;
calculating axial stresses and strains of said plurality of truss elements at each solution cycle; and
applying slipping and swapping adjustments to each truss element pair that straddles each roller to obtain numerically simulated movements of the muscle strand along bones and around joints.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 12 , wherein said slipping adjustment redefines respective unstretched length of each element of said each truss element pair.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein said swapping adjustment occurs when one element of said each truss element pair has become shorter than a threshold due to said slipping adjustment.
15. The computer readable medium of claim 14 , wherein said swapping adjustment moves said one element of said each truss element pair from a first side of said each roller to a second side.
16. The computer readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the respective unstretched lengths are iteratively determined using Capstan equation at said each roller.
17. A system of numerically simulating muscle movements along bones and around joints comprising:
an input/output (I/O) interface;
a memory for storing computer readable code for one or more application modules configured for muscle movement simulation;
at least one processor coupled to the memory, said at least one processor executing the computer readable code in the memory to cause said one or more application modules to perform operations of:
receiving a computerized model containing a plurality of truss elements and at least one roller, said plurality of truss elements being configured to represent a muscle strand while each roller being configured to represent a joint and said plurality of truss elements being associated with a muscle bio-mechanical property model;
conducting the time-marching simulation using the computerized model with the application module in the computer system, the time-marching simulation containing a series of consecutive solution cycles representing passage of time;
calculating axial stresses and strains of said plurality of truss elements at each solution cycle; and
applying slipping and swapping adjustments to each truss element pair that straddles each roller to obtain numerically simulated movements of the muscle strand along bones and around joints.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein said slipping adjustment redefines respective unstretched length of each element of said each truss element pair.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein said swapping adjustment occurs when one element of said each truss element pair has become shorter than a threshold due to said slipping adjustment and said swapping adjustment moves said one element of said each truss element pair from a first side of said each roller to a second side.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the respective unstretched lengths are iteratively determined using Capstan equation at said each roller.