An animal chew including a surface comprising a base composition, wherein the animal chew exhibits a hardness in the range of Shore 70A to Shore 70D as measured by ASTM D2240-05 (2010) and a flexural modulus in the range of 50×10 3 psi to 500×10 3 psi as measured by ASTM D790-10 and Ascophyllum nodosum applied onto at least a portion of the surface of the animal chew, wherein the Ascophyllum nodosum is present in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 5.0% by weight of the animal chew. At least 10% by weight of the total amount of the Ascophyllum nodosum present in the animal chew may be applied to the animal chew surface.
1. A method of forming an animal chew comprising:
plasticating a base composition and Ascophyllum nodosum;
forming said base composition into a shape having a surface;
applying an adhesive composition to said surface, wherein said adhesive is selected from the group consisting of pasteurized egg whites, albumin and an aqueous solution of tylose powder; and
applying at least 10% of the total amount of said Ascophyllum nodosum to the surface of the base composition after processing, wherein said Ascophyllum nodosum is added in a total amount of 0.1% by weight to 5.0% by weight of the animal chew and said animal chew exhibits a Shore D hardness, as measured by ASTM D 2240-05 (2010), of 25 to 40 Shore D, and an elongation at break, as measured by ASTM D 638-10 in the range of 1% to 7%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said base composition is starch, further comprising:
mixing water with said base composition, wherein said water is present in the range of 20% to 40% by weight of the base composition; and
reducing said water content, wherein after forming said base composition said water is present in the range of 1% to 20% by weight of the base composition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said base composition is first plasticated in an extruder, formed into beads; and formed into said shape by injection molding.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said base composition is plasticated, formed and heated in an injection molding machine.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding to said base composition an additive that provides mechanical abrasion, wherein said additive exhibits a Mohs hardness of 4 or less and is present in the range of 5% to 10% by weight of the base composition.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding to said base composition one or more ingestible additive for improving oral health selected from a group of the following:
alma, bilberry fruit, hawthorn berry, Echinacea, goldenseal, folic acid, olive leaf extract, aloe vera, cranberry, licorice root, spirulina, horsetail, coenzyme Q10, yellow dock root, alfalfa leaf, cinnamon bark, tumeric root, Vitamin C, sodium hexametaphosphate and combinations thereof, wherein said one or more ingestible additives is present in the range of 0.01% to 25.0% by weight of the base composition.