Tail jet apparatus and method for low speed yaw control of a rotorcraft
Apparatus and methods for controlling yaw of a rotorcraft in the event of one or both of low airspeed and engine failure are disclosed. A yaw propulsion provides a yaw moment at low speeds. The yaw propulsion device may be an air jet or a fan. A pneumatic fan may be driven by compressed air released into a channel surrounding an outer portion of the fan. The fan may be driven by hydraulic power. Power for the yaw propulsion device and other system may be provided by a hydraulic pump and/or generator engaging the rotor. Low speed yaw control may be provided by auxiliary rudders positioned within the stream tube of a prop. The auxiliary rudders may one or both of fold down and disengage from rudder controls when not in use.
1. A rotorcraft comprising:
an airframe including a mast;
a rotor including a hub rotatably mounted to the mast and rotatable about an axis of rotation, the hub defining a circumferential surface, the rotor further including a plurality of blades secured to the hub and protruding from the circumferential surface;
an engine mounted to the airframe and driving the hub;
a vertical stabilizer mounted to the airframe offset from the axis of rotation;
an emergency air supply mounted to the airframe;
a power take-off device mounted to the mast and coupled to the emergency air supply;
a belt encircling and engaging the circumferential surface of the hub;
at least one air jet mounted to the air frame; and
a controller selectively coupling the power take-off device to the belt in response to detecting failure of the engine and coupling yaw control inputs to the at least one air jet in response to detecting failure of the engine and in proportion to the yaw control inputs effective to induce a yaw moment on the airframe.
2. The rotorcraft of claim 1 , wherein the at least one jet comprises first and second jets oriented in opposing directions.
3. The rotorcraft of claim 2 , further comprising a valve coupled to the emergency air supply and the first and second air jets, the valve adapted to direct air from the air supply through the first and second air jets in proportion to control inputs.
4. The rotorcraft of claim 1 , wherein the emergency air supply comprises a pneumatic compressor selectively operably coupled power take-off device.
5. The rotorcraft of claim 4 , further comprising:
wherein the power take-off device is one or more of a hydraulic pump and a generator selectively and rotatably coupled to the rotor;
the pneumatic compressor, further coupled to receive power from at least one of the one or more of a hydraulic pump and a generator.
6. The rotorcraft of claim 1 , wherein the at least one air jet is mounted to the vertical stabilizer.
7. A method for providing control of a rotorcraft during an emergency loss of power, the method comprising:
urging the rotorcraft translationally under power of an engine, the rotorcraft further comprising
an airframe including a mast,
a rotor rotatably mounted to the mast and rotatable about an axis of rotation, the rotor including a hub mounted to the mast and defining a circumferential surface, the rotor further including a plurality of blades secured to the hub and protruding from the circumferential surface,
a vertical stabilizer stabilizer, mounted to the airframe and offset from the axis of rotation,
a controller configured to receive yaw control inputs,
an emergency air supply mounted to the airframe,
a power take-off device maounted to the mast and coupled to the emergency air supply;
a belt encircling and engaging the circumferential surface of the hub; and
at least one air jet mounted to airframe;
detecting loss of power of the engine; and
selectively coupling, in response to detection of a loss of power, the power take-off device to the belt and the emergency air supply to the at least one air jet in proportion to the yaw control inputs.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one jet includes first and second jets oriented in opposing directions, the method further comprising:
directing air out of one of the first and second jets in proportion to yaw control inputs.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the emergency air supply includes an air reservoir containing compressed air.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the rotorcraft further comprises a valve coupled to the emergency air supply and the first and second air jets, the method further comprising:
actuating the valve effective to direct air from the air supply through one of the first and second air jets in proportion to yaw control inputs.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the emergency air supply comprises a pneumatic compressor operably coupled to the power take-off device.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein
the power take-off devices comprises one or more of a hydraulic pump and a generator rotatably coupled to the rotor; and
the method further comprises powering the compressor by means of power from at least one of the one or more of a hydraulic pump and a generator.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one air jet is mounted to the vertical stabilizer.
14. A rotorcraft comprising:
an airframe including a mast;
a rotor rotatably mounted to the airframe and rotatable about an axis of rotation, the rotor including a hub defining a circumferential surface and including a plurality of blades secured to the hub and protruding form the circumferential surface;
a vertical stabilizer mounted to the airframe offset from the axis of rotation;
an emergency air supply mounted to the airframe;
a power take-off device mounted to the mast and coupled to the emergency air supply;
a belt encircling and engaging the circumferential surface of the hub;
an engine connected to propel the rotorcraft translationally;
at least one air jet mounted to the air frame and offset from the axis of rotation; and
a controller programmed to
control propulsion of the rotorcraft translationally under power of the engine responsive to pilot inputs,
detect a loss of power of the engine, and
in response to detection of loss of power, couple the emergency air supply to the air jet to yaw the rotorcraft in proportion to pilot inputs and couple the power take-off device to the belt.
15. The rotorcraft of claim 14 , wherein the emergency air supply comprise an air reservoir containing compressed air in selective fluid communication with the at least one air jet.
16. The rotorcraft of claim 14 , wherein the at least one jet comprises first and second jets oriented opposite one another.