MULTI-RESONATOR WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR SENSORS

1 . A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply and a second electromagnetic resonator coupled to at least one of a power supply and the first electromagnetic resonator, the first electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 1 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 1 , and a first Q-factor Q 1 =ω 1 /and the second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 2 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 2 , and a second Q-factor Q 2 =ω 2 /2Γ 2 , the mobile wireless receiver comprising:

a load associated with a sensor and configured to power the sensor; and

a third electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and movable relative to at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator, the third resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 3 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 3 , and a third Q-factor Q 3 =ω 3 /2Γ 3 ,

wherein the third resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator to provide resonant, non-radiative wireless power to the third electromagnetic resonator from at least one of the first electromagnetic resonator and the second electromagnetic resonator with a wireless energy transfer rate κ, and

wherein the square root of the product of Q 3 with at least one of Q 1 and Q 2 is greater than 100.

2 . The wireless receiver of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a chemical sensor.

3 . The wireless receiver of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor.

4 . The wireless receiver of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.

5 . The wireless receiver of claim 1 , wherein the non-radiative wireless power is delivered over a distance greater than the diameter of at least one of the electromagnetic resonators.

6 . The wireless receiver of claim 1 , wherein the second electromagnetic resonator transfers power originating from the first electromagnetic resonator to the third electromagnetic resonator.

7 . A power source for wirelessly providing power to a mobile wireless receiver, the power source comprising:

a power supply; and

a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to the power supply and having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 1 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 1 , and a first Q-factor Q 1 =ω 1 /2Γ 1 ,

wherein the first electromagnetic resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to at least one of a second electromagnetic resonator and a third electromagnetic resonator to provide non-radiative wireless power to at least one of the second electromagnetic resonator and the third electromagnetic resonator, the second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 2 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 2 , and a second Q-factor Q 2 =ω 2 /2Γ 2 and the third resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 3 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 3 , and a third Q-factor Q 3 =ω 3 /2Γ 3 ,

wherein at least one of the second and third electromagnetic resonators is coupled to a load associated with a sensor and configured to power the sensor and is moveable relative to the first electromagnetic resonator,

wherein the square root of the product of Q 1 with at least one of Q 2 and Q 3 is greater than 100.

8 . The power source of claim 7 , wherein the sensor is a chemical sensor.

9 . The power source of claim 7 , wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor.

10 . The power source of claim 7 , wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.

11 . The power source of claim 7 , wherein the non-radiative wireless power is delivered over a distance greater than the diameter of at least one of the electromagnetic resonators.

12 . The power source of claim 7 , wherein the second electromagnetic resonator transfers power originating from the first electromagnetic resonator to the third electromagnetic resonator.

13 . A mobile wireless power system, comprising:

a first electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 1 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 1 , and a first Q-factor Q 1 =ω 1 /2Γ 1 ;

a second electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 2 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 2 , and a second Q-factor Q 2 =ω 2 /2Γ 2 ; and

a third electromagnetic resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω 3 , an intrinsic loss rate Γ 3 , and a third Q-factor Q 3 =ω 3 /2Γ 3 ;

wherein at least one of the electromagnetic resonators is coupled to a power supply and at least one of the electromagnetic resonators is coupled to a load associated with a sensor and configured to power the sensor;

wherein at least two of the electromagnetic resonators are moveable relative to each other while transferring power; and

wherein the square root of the product of at least two of the respective Q factors is greater than 100.

14 . The wireless power system of claim 13 , wherein the sensor is a chemical sensor.

15 . The wireless power system of claim 13 , wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor.

16 . The wireless power system of claim 13 , wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.

17 . The wireless power system of claim 13 , wherein the non-radiative wireless power is delivered over a distance greater than the diameter of at least one of the electromagnetic resonators.

18 . The wireless power system of claim 13 , wherein the second electromagnetic resonator transfers power originating from the first electromagnetic resonator to the third electromagnetic resonator.