Tunable directional power combiner
View Patent ↗A quadrature amplifier comprises first and second amplifiers, each having an input and an output, a signal splitter connected to the inputs of the two amplifiers, a signal combiner connected to the outputs of the two amplifiers, and an impedance transformer connected to the output of the signal combiner. The signal splitter is a −3 dB hybrid that splits an input signal into two output signals of equal amplitude that are in phase quadrature. The signal combiner is a −3 dB hybrid that combines the output signals at the outputs of the two amplifiers. Since the output signals are in phase quadrature, the signals are combined to produce an inphase signal. The impedance transformer matches the output signal to an impedance of approximately 50 Ohms. Capacitive and resistive tuning networks connected to the ports of the signal combiner allow for adjustment of the center frequency and impedance of the signal combiner.
1. A quadrature power amplifier (PA) comprising:
a first amplifier having a first input and a first output;
a second amplifier having a second input and a second output;
a signal splitter configured for splitting an input signal received by the signal splitter into first and second output signals that are offset by 90 degrees from one another, said first output signal being provided to the first input of the first amplifier and said second output signal being provided to the second input of the second amplifier;
a signal combiner having first, second and third ports, said signal combiner configured for combining first and second input signals received at the first and second ports of the signal combiner that are offset by 90 degrees from one another into an inphase signal at the third port of the signal combiner, said first and second ports of the signal combiner being connected to the first output of the first amplifier and the second output of the second amplifier, respectively; and
an impedance transformation network connected to the third port of the signal combiner.
2. The power amplifier of claim 1 wherein the signal splitter is a −3 dB hybrid.
3. The power amplifier of claim 1 where the signal combiner is a −3 dB hybrid.
4. The power amplifier of claim 1 wherein the signal combiner is formed from lumped components.
5. A quadrature power amplifier (PA) comprising:
a first amplifier having a first input and a first output;
a second amplifier having a second input and a second output;
a signal splitter configured for splitting an input signal received by the signal splitter into first and second output signals that are offset by 90 degrees from one another, said first output signal being provided to the first input of the first amplifier and said second output signal being provided to the second input of the second amplifier;
a signal combiner having first, second and third ports, said signal combiner configured for combining first and second input signals received at the first and second ports of the signal combiner that are offset by 90 degrees from one another into an inphase signal at the third port of the signal combiner, said first and second ports of the signal combiner being connected to the first output of the first amplifier and the second output of the second amplifier, respectively;
an impedance transformation network connected to the third port of the signal combiner; and
a first capacitor tuning network coupled to the first port of the signal combiner and a second capacitor tuning network coupled to the second port of the signal combiner, said capacitor tuning networks enabling changes in a center frequency and characteristic impedance of the signal combiner.
6. The power amplifier of claim 5 wherein the first capacitor tuning network comprises a plurality of switched capacitors.
7. The power amplifier of claim 6 wherein at least some of the switched capacitors have different capacitance values.
8. The power amplifier of claim 6 wherein at least one of the first and second output signals from the signal splitter are used to control at least one of the switched capacitors.
9. The power amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a third capacitor tuning network coupled to an isolated port of the signal combiner.
10. The power amplifier of claim 9 wherein the third capacitor tuning network comprises a plurality of switched capacitors.
11. The power amplifier of claim 10 wherein at least some of the switched capacitors have different capacitance values.
12. The power amplifier of claim 10 wherein at least one of the first and second output signals from the signal splitter are used to control at least one of the switched capacitors.
13. The power amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a resistive tuning network connected to an isolated port of the signal combiner.
14. A quadrature power amplifier (PA) comprising:
a first amplifier having a first input and a first output;
a second amplifier having a second input and a second output;
a signal splitter configured for splitting an input signal received by the signal splitter into first and second output signals that are offset by 90 degrees from one another, said first output signal being provided to the first input of the first amplifier and said second output signal being provided to the second input of the second amplifier;
a signal combiner having first, second and third ports, said signal combiner configured for combining first and second input signals received at the first and second ports of the signal combiner that are offset by 90 degrees from one another into an inphase signal at the third port of the signal combiner, said first and second ports of the signal combiner being connected to the first output of the first amplifier and the second output of the second amplifier, respectively; and
an impedance transformation network connected to the third port of the signal combiner
wherein there is no impedance transformation network between the first and second ports of the signal combiner and the first and second outputs of the first and second amplifiers.
15. The power amplifier of claim 14 further comprising a third capacitor tuning network coupled to an isolated port of the signal combiner.
16. The power amplifier of claim 15 wherein the third capacitor tuning network comprises a plurality of switched capacitors.
17. The power amplifier of claim 16 wherein at least one of the first and second output signals from the signal splitter are used to control at least one of the switched capacitors.
18. The power amplifier of claim 14 further comprising a resistive tuning network connected to an isolated port of the signal combiner.
19. The power amplifier of claim 5 further comprising a third capacitor tuning network coupled to an isolated port of the signal combiner.
20. The power amplifier of claim 5 further comprising a resistive tuning network connected to an isolated port of the signal combiner.