System and method of administering a pharmaceutical gas to a patient
View Patent ↗Methods and systems for delivering a pharmaceutical gas to a patient. The methods and systems provide a known desired quantity of the pharmaceutical gas to the patient independent of the respiratory pattern of the patient over a plurality of breaths every nth breath, where n is greater than or equal to 1. The pharmaceutical gases include CO and NO, both of which are provided as a concentration in a carrier gas. The gas control system determines the delivery of the pharmaceutical gas to the patient to result in the known desired quantity (e.g. in molecules, milligrams or other quantified units) of the pharmaceutical gas being delivered. Upon completion of that known desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas over a plurality of breaths, the system can either terminate, continue, activate and alarm, etc.
1. A system for administering to a patient a desired total quantity of a pharmaceutical gas including at least one gas selected from CO and NO, the system comprising:
an inlet to connect to a source of pharmaceutical gas;
an outlet to connect to a device that introduces the pharmaceutical gas to the patient;
a setting control to set a desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered to the patient over a plurality of breaths;
and a gas control system to deliver said desired quantity of the pharmaceutical gas to the patient during inspiration by the patient over the plurality of breaths independent of a patient's respiratory pattern wherein an amount of pharmaceutical gas delivered in at least one breath varies from an amount of pharmaceutical gas delivered in at least one other breath in the plurality of breaths.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system determines one or more of (1) the desired total quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered; (2) the amount of time to deliver the total desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas; and (3) the number of breaths that it will take to deliver the total desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system calculates a quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered per breath to the patient.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system delivers pharmaceutical gas to the patient every breath.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the device calculates the quantity per breath to be delivered to the patient based on a monitored respiratory breath rate.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the system includes a breath trigger sensor to measure the monitored respiratory breath rate.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical gas is delivered to the patient with a carrier gas.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical gas is NO.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas control system includes a central processing unit (CPU) and the CPU calculates the quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered per breath based on one or more of the desired quantity of gas, the concentration of the pharmaceutical gas in the carrier gas and the respiratory rate of the patient.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the setting control is in units of mass per unit of time.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the setting control is in units of mass per unit of patient's ideal body weight per unit of time.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system includes a central processing unit (CPU) and wherein the CPU controls the amount of pharmaceutical gas delivered during the patient's breath based upon the concentration of the pharmaceutical gas in the carrier gas.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the CPU delivers the pharmaceutical gas and carrier gas over a plurality of breaths until the desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas has been delivered based upon the concentration of pharmaceutical gas in the carrier gas.
14. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an alarm.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the system activates the alarm when the desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas has been delivered to the patient.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein determining the desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be administered to the patient comprises determining the desired quantity in units of mass per ideal body weight and the patient's ideal body weight or in units of mass per unit of time per ideal body weight and the patient's ideal body weight.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical gas is delivered during the first half of inspiration.
18. A method of administering to a patient a desired total quantity of a pharmaceutical gas including at least one gas selected from CO and NO, the method comprising:
determining an initial calculated dose rate and one or more of (1) the desired total quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered; (2) the amount of time to deliver the total desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas; and (3) the number of breaths that it will take to deliver the total desired quantity of pharmaceutical gas;
delivering a quantity of the pharmaceutical gas to the patient at the initial calculated dose rate;
delivering the pharmaceutical gas to the alveoli at the initial calculated dose rate;
during delivery of the pharmaceutical gas, monitoring the patient's breath for variability in the patient's respiratory rate, and determining a subsequent calculated dose rate to correct for any variability in the respiratory rate;
delivering the pharmaceutical gas at the subsequent calculated dose rate to the patient; and
when the desired quantity of the pharmaceutical gas has been delivered to the patient, either terminating delivery of the pharmaceutical gas to the patient or providing an alarm.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the initial calculated dose rate is a quantity of pharmaceutical gas to be delivered per breath to the patient's alveoli.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the pharmaceutical gas is delivered to the patient's alveoli every breath.