Method of fracturing using mannanohydrolase enzyme breaker
View Patent ↗A thermophilic mannanohydrolase enzyme may be used as an enzyme breaker for fracturing fluids containing hydratable polymers of guar and underivatized guar. The amino acid sequence of the mannanohydrolase is at least 90% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
1. A method of hydraulic fracturing a subterranean formation which comprises introducing into the formation at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge fractures in the formation a fracturing fluid having a pH from 8.5 to 11.0 comprising:
(a) a hydratable polymer selected from the group consisting of underivatized guars and derivatized guars;
(b) a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the hydratable polymer to form a polymer gel; and
(c) an enzyme breaker comprising a mannanohydrolase enzyme that has an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the downhole temperature of the subterranean formation is in excess of 180° F.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the downhole temperature of the subterranean formation is in excess of 185° F.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mannanohydrolase enzyme has an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent contains boron or is capable of providing boron ions to the fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydratable polymer is underivatized guar.
7. A method of hydraulic fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a well comprising:
(a) pumping into the well at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge fractures in the formation a fracturing fluid having a pH from 8.5 to 11.0 comprising:
(i) a hydratable polymer selected from the group consisting of underivatized guars and derivatized guars;
(ii) a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the hydratable polymer to form a polymer gel;
(iii) an enzyme breaker comprising a mannanohydrolase enzyme that has an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2; and
(iv) proppant; and
(b) creating a partial monolayer of proppant in the created or enlarged fracture.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the downhole temperature of the subterranean formation is in excess of 160° F.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the hydratable polymer is underivatized guar.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the mannanohydrolase enzyme has an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the mannanohydrolase enzyme has an amino acid sequence that is at least 99% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
12. A method of hydraulic fracturing a subterranean formation which comprises:
(a) introducing into the formation at a pressure sufficient to create or enlarge fractures in the formation a fracturing fluid having a pH from 8.5 to 11.0 comprising:
(i) a hydratable galactomannan gum;
(ii) a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the galactomannan gum to form a polymer gel; and
(iii) an enzyme breaker comprising a mannanohydrolase enzyme that has an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% homologous to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2; and
(b) reducing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid at a range of temperatures from 72° F. to at least 200° F.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises a pH regulating substance.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is reduced by activating the enzyme breaker by the in-situ production of a Bronsted acid.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the pH regulating substance is selected from the group consisting of organic anhydrides, acyl halides, sulfonyl halides, benzylic halides and a low molecular weight ester soluble in the fracturing fluid.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the crosslinking agent is a borate or a boron releasing compound.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the crosslinking agent is an organoborate, monoborate, polyborate, mineral borate, boric acid, sodium borate, a borate ore or a borate complexed organic compound.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the enzyme breaker exhibits activity and has a temperature maximum in excess of 160° F.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the enzyme breaker exhibits activity and has a temperature maximum in excess of 185° F.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the enzyme breaker exhibits activity and has a temperature maximum in excess of 195° F.