Metallic particle activated oxidative breaking method and system
A method for breaking the viscosity of an aqueous fluid gelled with a water soluble polymer or a VES is disclosed. The method includes providing an aqueous fluid. The method also includes adding to the aqueous fluid, in any order: a water soluble polymer in an amount sufficient to form a gelled aqueous fluid having a viscosity, a water soluble oxidizing agent configured to generate free radicals and a plurality of metallic particles to produce a mixture comprising dispersed metallic particles dispersed within the gelled aqueous fluid, the metallic particles configured to dissolve in the gelled aqueous fluid and provide a reducing agent to accelerate the generation of free radicals. The method further includes dissolving the metallic particles in the gelled aqueous fluid to provide a source of at least one transition metal ion in an amount effective accelerate the generation of free radicals and reduce the viscosity.
1. A method for breaking the viscosity of an aqueous fluid gelled with a water soluble polymer or a viscoelastic surfactant (VES), comprising:
providing an aqueous fluid;
adding to the aqueous fluid, in any order:
a water soluble polymer or a VES in an amount sufficient to form a gelled aqueous fluid having a viscosity,
a water soluble oxidizing agent configured to generate free radicals, and
a coated metal particle to produce a mixture comprising a dispersed metal particle dispersed within the gelled aqueous fluid, the metal particle configured to dissolve in the gelled aqueous fluid and provide a reducing agent to accelerate the generation of free radicals, the coated metal particle comprises a metal particle core that is configured for dissolution in the aqueous fluid to provide a source of at least one transition metal ion and a metal coating layer that is configured to selectively control access of the aqueous fluid to the metal particle core, the metal coating layer having a chemical composition different from the metal particle core; and
dissolving the metal particle in the gelled aqueous fluid to provide the source of at least one transition metal ion in an amount effective to accelerate the generation of free radicals and reduce the viscosity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transition metal ion is present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 2000 ppm of the gelled aqueous fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated metal particle comprises a transition metal selected from Group VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB or IVB of the Periodic Table, or an alloy thereof, or a composite thereof, or a cermet thereof, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle core comprises a transition metal selected from Group VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB or IVB of the Periodic Table, or an alloy thereof, or a composite thereof, or a cermet thereof, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer comprises Al, Zn, Zr, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Si, Ca or Sn, or an oxide, carbide or nitride thereof, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer has an average thickness of about 0.5 nm to about 2500 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal particle has an average particle size of about 8 nm to about 250 μm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal particle has an average particle size of about 10 nm to about 20 μm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal particle has an average particle size of about 30 nm to about 10 μm.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer comprises a synthetic polymer, a cellulose derivative, a polysaccharide or a polysaccharide derivative, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polysaccharide comprises xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth, hydroxyethyl guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum or carboxymethyl guar gum, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cellulose derivative comprises hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose or sulfopropylcellulose, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the synthetic polymer comprises polymethacrylamide, polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid or polysodium-2-acrylamide-3-propylsulfonate, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VES comprises a non-ionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant or zwitterionic surfactant, or a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VES comprises amines, amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, amidoamine oxides or amine oxides, dihydroxyl alkyl glycinate, alkyl ampho acetate or propionate, alkyl betaine, alkyl amidopropyl betaine or alkylimino mono- or di-propionates, or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a water soluble peroxide, persulfate, bromate, chlorate or chlorite, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate or an alkali metal persulfate, percarbonate or perbromate, perborate, bromate, chlorite, chlorate, hypochlorite, urea peroxide or sodium bromide, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein dissolving the metal particle in the gelled aqueous fluid provides a plurality of sources of transition metal ions.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated metal particle comprises a plurality of coated metal particles having a multimodal distribution of average particle sizes.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coated metal particles comprises a nanostructured metal particles.