Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery
View Patent ↗Disclosed herein is a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, in particular, including a lithium transition metal oxide with a layered crystalline structure in which the transition metal includes a transition metal mixture of Ni, Mn and Co, and an average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium is more than +3, and specific conditions represented by the following formulae (1) and (2), 1.1<m(Ni)/m(Mn)<1.5 and 0.4<m(Ni 2+ )/m(Mn 4+ )<1, are satisfied. The inventive cathode active material has a more uniform and stable layered structure by controlling the oxidation number of transition metals contained in a transition metal oxide layer to form the layered structure, compared to conventional substances. Accordingly, the active material exhibits improved overall electrochemical characteristics including battery capacity and, in particular, excellent high rate charge-discharge features.
1. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary cell, comprising a lithium transition metal oxide with a layered crystalline structure in which the transition metal comprises a transition metal mixture of Ni, Mn and Co, an average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium is more than +3, and specific conditions represented by the following Formulae (1), (2) and (3) are satisfied:
1.1< m (Ni)/ m (Mn)<1.5 (1)
0.4< m (Ni 2+ )/ m (Mn 4+ )<1 (2)
0.11< m (Ni 3+ )/ m (Mn)≦0.06 (3)
wherein the nickel portion of the mixture comprises nickel (a) in an excess content relative to a content of manganese, as well as nickel (b) with a content corresponding to the content of manganese, and
wherein m(Ni)/m(Mn) is a molar ratio of nickel to manganese, m(Ni 3+ )/m(Mn) is a molar ratio of Ni 3+ of nickel (b) to Mn, and m(Ni 2+ )/m(Mn 4+ ) is a molar ratio of Ni 2+ to Mn 4+ .
2. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the layered crystalline structure is α-NaFeO 2 laminate crystalline structure.
3. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein m(Ni)/m(Mn) is defined by 1.2≦m(Ni)/m(Mn)≦1.4.
4. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium is more than 3.0 to not more than 3.5.
5. The active material according to claim 4 , wherein the average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium ranges from 3.01 to 3.3.
6. The active material according to claim 4 , wherein the average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium ranges from 3.1 to 3.3.
7. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel portion has an average oxidation number of more than +2.
8. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel (a) in the excess content relative to the content of manganese is Ni 3+ .
9. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein an overall average oxidation number of the nickel (b) with a content corresponding to the content of manganese is more than 3.0 to not more than 3.5.
10. The active material according to claim 9 , wherein the overall average oxidation number of the nickel (b) with the content corresponding to the content of manganese ranges from 3.1 to 3.3.
11. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel (b) with the content corresponding to the content of manganese comprises Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ .
12. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Ni 2+ to Mn 4+ is defined by 0.4<m(Ni 2+ )/m(Mn 4+ )≦0.9.
13. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein an average oxidation number of manganese and nickel ranges from 3.05 to 3.35.
14. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein a content of Co is less than 10 mol % relative to a total amount of transition metals.
15. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein the content of nickel (Ni 2+ ) intercalated into lithium sites is lower than 5 mol %.
16. A cathode comprising the cathode active material as set forth in claim 1 .
17. A lithium secondary cell having the cathode as set forth in claim 16 .
18. The lithium secondary cell according to claim 17 , wherein a first cycle discharge capacity is at least 148 mAh/g and a first cycle efficiency is at least 82%.
19. The lithium secondary cell according to claim 17 , wherein a ratio of 2 C discharge capacity to 0.1 C discharge capacity is at least 72%.
20. The lithium secondary cell according to claim 17 , wherein the secondary cell is used as a power source for any one vehicle selected from an electric car, a hybrid electric car and a plug-in hybrid electric car.
21. The lithium secondary cell according to claim 17 , further comprising an anode, a separator and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt.
22. The active material according to claim 1 , wherein among the transition metals, Ni, Mn, or Co is partially substituted by a small amount of metal elements and/or cationic elements within 5%.