RF front-end for intra-band carrier aggregation
View Patent ↗The method and apparatus described herein address problems associated with conventional wireless receivers configured for intra-band carrier aggregation. The disclosed solution applies the received signal to a single front-end amplifier, which may comprise a low-noise amplifier, and divides the amplified signal into two or more processing paths, where each path is associated with a different local oscillator frequency corresponding to a different reception band. To compensate for the impact of the additional processing paths on the amplifier performance, a negative resistor unit applies a negative resistance to the output of the front-end amplifier when two or more processing paths are active.
1. A wireless receiver configured for intra-band carrier aggregation, the receiver comprising:
a front-end amplifier operating at one or more radio frequencies;
two or more processing chains connected in parallel at a common node, said common node operatively connected to an output of the front-end amplifier, wherein each of said two or more processing chains operate with a different local oscillator frequency;
a negative resistor unit selectively operatively connected to the common node; and
a selection unit configured to enable the negative resistor unit to apply a first negative resistance to the output of the front-end amplifier when two or more of said processing chains are active during a multiple frequency mode, said multiple frequency mode associated with multiple different local oscillator frequencies.
2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the selection unit is further configured to disable the negative resistor unit when only one of said two or more processing chains is active during a single frequency mode associated with a single local oscillator frequency.
3. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the selection unit is further configured to operatively disable the negative resistor unit when only one of said two or more processing chains is active during a single frequency mode associated with a single local oscillator frequency.
4. The receiver of claim 3 wherein the selection unit operatively disables the negative resistor unit by enabling the negative resistor unit such that a second negative resistance is applied to the output of the front-end amplifier, wherein an absolute value of said second negative resistance is sufficiently larger than an absolute value of the first negative resistance such that the second negative resistance has a negligible effect on a gain of the front-end amplifier.
5. The receiver of claim 4 wherein the absolute value of the second negative resistance is at least three times greater than the absolute value of the first negative resistance.
6. The receiver of claim 4 wherein the absolute value of the second negative resistance is greater than or equal to 500Ω.
7. The receiver of claim 3 wherein the selection unit operatively disables the negative resistor unit by disconnecting the negative resistor unit from the common node and connecting the negative resistor unit to an alternate connection point in the front-end amplifier.
8. The receiver of claim 7 wherein the alternate connection point comprises an amplifier power supply.
9. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the negative resistance of the enabled negative resistor unit is variable and depends on the number of processing chains.
10. The receiver of claim 1 wherein each processing chain comprises:
an I/Q mixer configured to downconvert a radio frequency signal at the output of the front-end amplifier responsive to a corresponding local oscillator frequency to generate analog In-phase and Quadrature signals at corresponding intermediate or baseband frequencies;
an analog signal processor configured to process the analog In-phase and Quadrature signals at the corresponding intermediate or baseband frequencies to generate digital In-phase and Quadrature signals; and
a digital signal processor configured to process the digital In-phase and Quadrature signals.
11. The receiver of claim 10 wherein each I/Q mixer comprises a passive current-mode MOSFET mixer.
12. The receiver of claim 10 wherein each analog signal processor comprises a transimpedance amplifier operatively coupled to an output of the corresponding I/Q mixer and configured to form a virtual ground or low impedance termination at the output of the corresponding I/Q mixer.
13. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the first negative resistance compensates for changes in an effective load impedance of the front-end amplifier when applied to the output of the front-end amplifier during the multiple frequency mode, such that the gain of the front-end amplifier in the multiple frequency mode generally equals the gain of the front-end amplifier in a single frequency mode.
14. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the negative resistor unit comprises one of a single-ended negative resistor configuration and a differential negative resistor configuration.
15. The receiver of claim 14 wherein the differential negative resistor configuration comprises cross-coupled common source transistors, each having a transconductance, and each controlled by a bias input to each gate of the common source transistors, and wherein the negative resistance of the enabled negative resistor unit is derived based on the transconductances of the common-source transistors.
16. The receiver of claim 15 wherein the differential negative resistor configuration further comprises one or more degeneration resistors coupled to the source of each transistor, wherein the negative resistance of the enabled resistor unit is further derived based on the resistances of the one or more degeneration resistors.
17. The receiver of claim 15 wherein the selection unit is configured to enable the negative resistor unit to apply the first negative resistance by setting the bias to a first value greater than a threshold.
18. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the receiver is configured for one of contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation and non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation.
19. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the front-end amplifier comprises a low-noise amplifier.
20. A method of controlling a gain of a wireless receiver configured for intra-band carrier aggregation, said receiver comprising a front-end amplifier operating at one or more radio frequencies, two or more processing chains connected in parallel at a common node, said common node operatively connected to an output of the front-end amplifier and each of said two or more processing chains configured to operate with a different local oscillator frequency, and a negative resistor unit selectively operatively connected to the common node, the method comprising:
determining whether the receiver is configured for a single frequency mode associated with a single local oscillator frequency or a multiple frequency mode associated with multiple local oscillator frequencies; and
enabling the negative resistor unit when two or more of the processing chains are active for the multiple frequency mode to apply a first negative resistance to the output of the front-end amplifier, each of said multiple different local oscillator frequencies of the multiple frequency mode associated with a different one of the active processing chains.
21. The method of claim 20 further comprising disabling the negative resistor unit when only one of the two or more processing chains is active for the single frequency mode, wherein the single local oscillator frequency is associated with the active processing chain.
22. The receiver of claim 20 further comprising operatively disabling the negative resistor unit when only one of said two or more processing chains is active during the single frequency mode associated with a single local oscillator frequency.
23. The receiver of claim 22 wherein operatively disabling the negative resistor unit comprises enabling the negative resistor unit such that a second negative resistance is applied to the output of the front-end amplifier, wherein an absolute value of said second negative resistance is sufficiently larger than an absolute value of the first negative resistance such that the second negative resistance has a negligible effect on a gain of the front-end amplifier.
24. The receiver of claim 23 wherein the absolute value of the second negative resistance is at least three times greater than the absolute value of the first negative resistance.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the absolute value of the second negative resistance is greater than or equal to 500 Ω.
26. The method of claim 22 wherein operatively disabling the negative resistor unit comprises disconnecting the negative resistor unit from the common node and connecting the negative resistor unit to an alternate connection point in the front-end amplifier.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the alternate connection point comprises an amplifier power supply.
28. The method of claim 20 further comprising setting the negative resistance of the negative resistor unit based on the number of active processing chains.
29. The method of claim 20 further comprising setting the negative resistance of the negative resistor unit based on an effective input impedance of the multiple active processing chains.
30. The method of claim 20 wherein each processing chain is configured to:
downconvert the radio frequency signal at the output of the front-end amplifier responsive to a corresponding local oscillator frequency to generate analog In-phase and Quadrature signals at corresponding intermediate or baseband frequencies in an I/O mixer;
process the analog In-phase and Quadrature signals at the corresponding intermediate or baseband frequencies to generate digital In-phase and Quadrature signals in an analog signal processor;
process the digital In-phase and Quadrature signals in a digital signal processor; and
the method further comprising configuring the analog signal processor to form a virtual ground or low impedance termination at the output of the corresponding I/Q mixer.
31. The method of claim 20 wherein enabling the negative resistor unit comprises enabling the negative resistor unit such that the negative resistance compensates for changes in an effective load impedance of the front-end amplifier when the second or additional one of the two or more of the processing chains are active such that the gain of the front-end amplifier in the multiple frequency mode generally equals the gain of the front-end amplifier in the single frequency mode.
32. The method of claim 20 wherein the negative resistor unit comprises a pair of cross-coupled common-source transistors controlled by a bias input to each gate of the common source transistors, wherein enabling the negative resistor unit comprises setting the bias to a first value greater than a threshold.
33. The method of claim 20 wherein the receiver is configured for one of contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation and non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation.