Self-inhibited swell packer compound

1. A downhole sealant having a controlled swell rate comprising:

a composition comprising:

a polymer;

an absorbent material;

a primary crosslink network comprising primary bonds between chains of the polymer; and

a secondary crosslink network comprising secondary bonds between molecules of the absorbent material;

wherein the secondary bonds are formed via a crosslinking agent comprising a titanate, zirconate, aminocarboxylic acid, metal chelate, borate, ketal, or a combination thereof and the secondary bonds are selectively broken in response to a change of pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, or a combination thereof, while leaving the primary bonds intact under the same conditions; and

wherein the sealant swells and seals a borehole in response to decomposing the secondary crosslink network.

2. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the secondary bonds are formed via a crosslinking agent.

3. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the secondary bonds are covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, physical bonds, or a combination thereof.

4. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the secondary bonds are broken at a pH of about 8 to about 10.

5. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the secondary bonds are broken at a temperature of about 95° C. to about 150° C.

6. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the secondary bonds are broken at a pressure of about 20 MPa to about 105 MPa.

7. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is the titanate which has a structure given by formula 1,

wherein A is halogen or oxygen;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted NH 2 , optionally substituted amine, optionally substituted alkyleneamine, optionally substituted aryleneamine, optionally substituted alkenyleneamine; and

R 4 is not present when A is halogen.

8. The downhole sealant of claim 7 , wherein the titanate is selected from titanium(IV)diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate); titanium(IV) isopropoxide; titanium(IV) butoxide; titanium(IV) ethoxide; chlorotriisopropoxytitanium(IV); titanium(IV)bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide; titanium(IV) tert-butoxide; titanium(IV) 2-ethylhexyloxide; titanium(IV) isopropoxide; titanium(IV) methoxide; titanium(IV) propoxide; titanium(IV) (triethanolaminato)isopropoxide; titanium(IV) 2-ethylhexyloxide; titanium(IV)tetrahydrofulfuryloxide; titanium(IV)diisopropoxide bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate); titanium(IV)tetra-2-ethylhexanoate; octylene glycol titanate; or a combination thereof.

9. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the titanate is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the weight of the polymer.

10. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is the zirconate which has a structure given by formula 2,

wherein A is halogen or oxygen;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted NH 2 , optionally substituted amine, optionally substituted alkyleneamine, optionally substituted aryleneamine, optionally substituted alkenyleneamine; and

R 4 is not present when A is halogen.

11. The downhole sealant of claim 10 , wherein the zirconate is selected from zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate; zirconium(IV) acrylate, zirconium(IV) butoxide, zirconium(IV) tert-butoxide, zirconium(IV) carbonate; zirconium(IV) carbonate hydroxide; zirconium(IV) carboxyethyl acrylate, zirconium(IV)diisopropoxide bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate); zirconium(IV) ethoxide; zirconium(IV) propoxide; zirconium (IV) methoxide; zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide; zirconium(IV)bis(diethyl citrato)dipropoxide; zirconium(IV) isopropoxide; zirconium(IV)trifluoroacetylacetonate; or a combination thereof.

12. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the zirconate is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the weight of the polymer.

13. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is the aminocarboxylic acid which is selected alanine; 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; 1,4,7,10,-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid; 2,2′,2″,2′″-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid; 2-{6-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-(2-{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-methylphenoxy}ethoxy)-1-benzofuran-2-yl}-1,3-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid; N,N′-di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid; (hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid; 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(2′-hydroxyl)propyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazocyclodecane; iminodiacetic acid; 2-[4-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-3-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-5-methylphenoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid; (methylimino)diacetic acid; 2,2′,2″-(1,4,7-triazanonane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid; 2,2′,2″,2′″-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid; 3,6,9,12-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetra-azatetradecanedioic acid; a derivative thereof; a salt thereof; or a combination thereof.

14. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the aminocarboxylic acid is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the weight of the polymer.

15. The downhole sealant claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is the metal chelate which comprises a metal bonded to a chelation compound selected from lactate, malate, citrate, amincarboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.

16. The downhole sealant of claim 15 , wherein the metal is selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, silver, cadmium, tin, mercury, lead, aluminum, thorium, or a combination thereof.

17. The downhole sealant of claim 15 , wherein the metal chelate is:

a titanium chelate selected from titanium acetylacetonate, titanium triethanolamine, titanium lactate, di(ammonium lactate) titanate, titanium citrate, titanium-EDTA complex, titanium-BAPTA complex, titanium-DCTA complex, titanium-DO3A complex, titanium-DTPA complex, titanium-EGTA complex, titanium-HBED complex, titanium-HEDTA complex, titanium-HP-DO3A complex, titanium-Indo-1 complex, titanium-NOTA complex, titanium-TETA complex, titanium-TTHA complex, or a combination thereof;

zirconium chelate selected from zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium triethanolamine, zirconium lactate, di(ammonium lactate) zirconate, zirconium citrate, zirconium-EDTA complex, zirconium-BAPTA complex, zirconium-DCTA complex, zirconium-DO3A complex, zirconium-DTPA complex, zirconium-EGTA complex, zirconium-HBED complex, zirconium-HEDTA complex, zirconium-HP-DO3A complex, zirconium-Indo-1 complex, zirconium-NOTA complex, zirconium-TETA complex, zirconium-TTHA complex, or a combination thereof; or

a combination thereof.

18. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the metal chelate is present in amount from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the weight of the polymer.

19. The downhole sealant of claim 15 , wherein the metal of the metal chelate is bonded to the polymer.

20. The downhole sealant of claim 15 , wherein a carbon or oxygen of the chelation compound of the metal chelate is bonded to the polymer.

21. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein crosslinking agent is the borate which is sodium tetraborate, boric acid, calcium metaborate, sodium metaborate, potassium metaborate, potassium tetraborate, sodium tetraborate, sodium metaborate tetrahydrate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, or a combination thereof.

22. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent has a formula given by:

wherein m and n are independently an integer from 1 to 10; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are independently a lower alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl; and any of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 can link together to form a cyclic structure.

23. The downhole sealant of claim 22 , wherein the ketal is 2,2-dimethoxypropane, 2,2-bis(ethenyloxy)propane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1-ethoxy-1-methoxycyclopentane, 2-bis[2,2′-di(N-vinylformamido)ethoxy]propane (BDEP), 2-(N-vinylformamido)ethyl ether (NVFEE), N-ethenyl-N-[(2-{2-[ethenyl(formyl)amino]ethoxy}ethoxy)methyl]formamide, or a combination thereof.

24. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the primary crosslink network is a product crosslinking the polymer by sulfur.

25. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the primary crosslink network is a product crosslinking the polymer by a peroxide.

26. The downhole sealant of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent material is an acrylamide copolymer.

27. A method of regulating the swell rate of a downhole sealant, comprising:

disposing a downhole sealant of claim 1 in a borehole;

maintaining the primary crosslink network of the polymer; and

decomposing the secondary crosslink network of the absorbent material in response to a condition to regulate the swell rate of the downhole sealant.

28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising stimulating the secondary crosslink network to increase the swell rate of the downhole sealant.

29. The method of claim 27 , further comprising sealing the borehole with the downhole sealant in response to decomposing the secondary crosslink network.

30. The method of claim 27 , wherein the downhole sealant swells at a first rate before decomposing the secondary crosslink network and swells at a second rate after decomposing the secondary crosslink network.

31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the first rate is less than or equal to the second rate.

32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the first rate is greater than the second rate.

33. The method of claim 27 , wherein the condition is selected from a change in pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, or a combination thereof.

34. A composition comprising:

a polymer;

a copolymer;

a cellulosic material;

a primary crosslink network; and

a secondary crosslink network which is labile compared to the primary crosslink network;

wherein the secondary crosslink is selectively broken in response to a change of pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, or a combination thereof, while leaving the primary crosslink intact under the same conditions; and

wherein the composition on swells and seals a borehole in response to decomposing the secondary crosslink network.

35. A system for sealing a borehole, comprising:

a downhole sealant of claim 1 ; and

a decomposition agent to decompose the secondary crosslink network.

36. The system of claim 35 , wherein the decomposition agent is selected from an acid, base, metal, chelation compound, breaker, brine, or a combination thereof.

37. A downhole sealant having a controlled swell rate comprising:

a composition comprising:

a polymer comprising a nitrile polymer;

an absorbent material;

a primary crosslink network comprising secondary bonds between molecules of the absorbent material;

a secondary crosslink network comprising secondary bonds between molecules of the absorbent material;

wherein the secondary bonds are selectively broken in response to a change of pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, or a combination thereof, while leaving the primary bonds intact under the same conditions;

wherein the sealant swells and seals a borehole in response to decomposing the secondary crosslink network.

38. A downhole sealant having a controlled swell rate comprising:

a composition comprising:

a polymer;

an absorbent material;

a primary crosslink network comprising primary bonds between chains of the primary; and

a secondary crosslink network comprising secondary bonds between molecules of the absorbent material;

wherein the secondary bonds are formed via a crosslinking agent comprising a titanate, zirconate, aminocarboxylic acid, metal chelate, borate, ketal, or a combination thereof and are selectively broken in response to a change of pH, temperature, pressure, salinity, or a combination thereof, while leaving the primary bonds intact under the same conditions;

wherein the sealant swells and seals a borehole in response to decomposing the secondary crosslink network; and

wherein the composition further comprises a cellulosic material.

39. The downhole sealant of claim 38 , wherein the cellulosic material is carboxy methyl cellulose.