Selective delivery of molecules into cells or marking of cells in diseased tissue regions using environmentally sensitive transmembrane peptide
A polypeptide with a predominantly hydrophobic sequence long enough to span a membrane lipid bilayer as a transmembrane helix (TM) and comprising one or more dissociable groups inserts across a membrane spontaneously in a pH-dependant fashion placing one terminus inside cell. The polypeptide conjugated with various functional moieties delivers and accumulates them at cell membrane with low extracellular pH. The functional moiety conjugated with polypeptide terminus placed inside cell are translocated through the cell membrane in cytosol. The peptide and its variants or non-peptide analogs can be used to deliver therapeutic, prophylactic, diagnostic, imaging, gene regulation, cell regulation, or immunologic agents to or inside of cells in vitro or in vivo in tissue at low extracellular pH.
1. A method of translocating a compound across a cell membrane comprising: contacting said cell with a conjugate comprising said compound bound to a carboxy-terminal residue of a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound is covalently bound to a carboxy-terminal residue of said peptide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein if said compound is bound to a carboxy-terminal residue of said peptide through a cleavable linkage, said method further comprises releasing said compound into the cytoplasm of said cell.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracellular pH of said cell is less than 7.0.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cell comprises a diseased cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound comprises a therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, imaging, gene regulation, cell function regulation, or apoptotic compound.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said therapeutic compound comprises a cytotoxic molecule.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said cytotoxic molecule comprises phalloidin.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said diagnostic compound comprises a fluorescent molecule.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said fluorescent molecule comprises dansyl dye, TexasRed, or Rhodamine.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound comprises a peptide nucleic acid or a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN).
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said peptide comprises L-amino acids.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more L-amino acids in said peptide are substituted with the corresponding D-isomers.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound is covalently bound to the Cys residue of said peptide.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said compound comprises a therapeutic, diagnostic, imaging, gene regulation, cell function regulation, or apoptotic compound.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said therapeutic compound comprises a cytotoxic molecule.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said diagnostic compound comprises a fluorescent molecule.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein said peptide comprises L-amino acids.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein said compound comprises a therapeutic, diagnostic, imaging, gene regulation, cell function regulation, or apoptotic compound, and wherein one or more L-amino acids in said peptide are substituted with the corresponding D-isomers.
20. A method of anchoring a compound to the surface of a cell comprising: contacting said cell with a conjugate comprising said compound bound to an amino-terminal residue of a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said compound is covalently bound to an amino-terminal residue of said peptide.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the extracellular pH of said cell is less than 7.0.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein said cell comprises a diseased cell.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein said compound comprises a therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, imaging, gene regulation, cell function regulation, or apoptotic compound.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein said therapeutic compound comprises a cytotoxic molecule.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein said cytotoxic molecule comprises diphtheria toxin.
27. The method of claim 24 , wherein said diagnostic compound comprises a fluorescent molecule.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein said fluorescent molecule comprises dansyl dye, TexasRed, or Rhodamine.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein said peptide further comprises a Cys residue at the amino-terminus of said peptide.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein said compound is covalently bound to said Cys residue at said amino-terminus of said peptide.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein said compound comprises a therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic, imaging, gene regulation, cell function regulation, or apoptotic compound.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein said therapeutic compound comprises a cytotoxic molecule.
33. The method of claim 31 , wherein said diagnostic compound comprises a fluorescent molecule.
34. The method of claim 20 , wherein said peptide comprises L-amino acids.
35. The method of claim 30 , wherein said peptide comprises L-amino acids.
36. The method of claim 20 , wherein one or more L-amino acids in said peptide are substituted with the corresponding D-isomers.
37. The method of claim 30 , wherein one or more L-amino acids in said peptide are substituted with the corresponding D-isomers.
38. The method of claim 30 , wherein said compound that is covalently bound to said Cys residue at said amino-terminus of said peptide comprises a cyanine dye.
39. A method of selectively killing a cell comprising: contacting said cell with a conjugate comprising a cytotoxic compound bound to an amino-terminal residue of a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the extracellular pH of said cell is less than 7.0.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein said cytotoxic compound is covalently bound to an amino-terminal residue of said peptide.
41. The method of claim 39 , wherein said cell is a diseased cell having an extracellular pH of less than 7.0.
42. The method of claim 39 , wherein said cytotoxic compound comprises diphtheria toxin.
43. A method of detecting a cell comprising: contacting said cell with a conjugate comprising a detectable compound bound to an amino-terminal residue of a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the extracellular pH of said cell is less than 7.0.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein said peptide further comprises a Cys residue at the amino-terminus of said peptide.
45. The method of claim 44 , wherein said detectable compound is covalently bound to said Cys residue at said amino-terminus of said peptide.
46. The method of claim 43 , wherein said detectable compound is a fluorescent compound selected from the group consisting of a cyanine dansyl dye, TAMRA, TRITC, TexasRed, and Rhodamine.
47. The method of claim 43 , wherein said cell is a tumor cell having an extracellular pH of less than 7.0.