Devices for the treatment of biological tissue

1. A handheld apparatus for treating a subcutaneous fat region, comprising:

a housing including a skin contacting portion defining a chamber, wherein the chamber is defined by a bottom surface of a first transparent optic recessed in the chamber and a rim extending from the perimeter of the first transparent optic toward the skin contacting portion of the housing, wherein the chamber is exposed to a surface of skin overlying the subcutaneous fat region;

a second transparent optic including a bottom surface spaced from a top surface of the first transparent optic, the second transparent optic disposed in the housing, the first transparent optic and the second transparent optic defining a first spaced region through which a coolant passes without being directly exposed to the surface of skin;

a third transparent optic including a bottom surface spaced from a top surface of the second transparent optic, the third transparent optic disposed in the housing, the second transparent optic and the third transparent optic defining a second spaced region filled with a thermally insulating gas, thereby at least preventing or reducing condensation on the second transparent optic caused by the coolant passing through the first spaced region;

a source of electromagnetic radiation disposed in the housing relative to a top surface of the third transparent optic, wherein the source of electromagnetic radiation comprises a plurality of diode lasers integrated in the housing;

a source of vacuum in fluid communication with the chamber, the source of vacuum capable of removing air from inside the chamber so that the surface of skin overlying the subcutaneous fat region is drawn into contact with the bottom surface of the first transparent optic; and

a source for the coolant, the source flowing the coolant through the first spaced region so that thermal energy is removed through the first transparent optic from an epidermal region and at least a portion of a dermal region overlying the subcutaneous fat region.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least the first transparent optic comprises sapphire.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the thermally insulative gas comprises Krypton.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the source of electromagnetic radiation and the source of vacuum, the controller receiving a signal when a threshold value of pressure is reached, the controller triggering the source of electromagnetic radiation to deliver the electromagnetic radiation to the subcutaneous fat region.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the controller is configured to trigger the source of electromagnetic radiation to deliver the electromagnetic radiation to the subcutaneous fat region for at least 300 seconds.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the source of electromagnetic radiation is adapted to provide radiation having a wavelength of 1,200 nm to 1,230 nm and a power density of less than or equal to 2.3 W/cm 2 .

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the controller is configured to deliver the electromagnetic radiation simultaneously to the surface of skin having an area of at least 50 cm 2 .

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the skin contacting portion is adapted to flatten the surface of skin, or compress the surface of skin, or a combination thereof, while the subcutaneous fat region is being treated.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of laser diodes are spaced in a plurality of rows and columns to provide delivery of an even distribution of the electromagnetic radiation to the surface of skin.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein adjacent columns are spaced by 5 mm and adjacent rows are spaced by 20 mm.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the plurality of laser diodes are attached to a plurality of diode laser bars, wherein each diode laser bar includes one or more laser diodes spaced at a first regular interval and the plurality of diode laser bars are spaced at a second regular interval from each other.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein each laser diode has a 12-degree divergence along a row direction and a 45-degree divergence along a column direction.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a distance gauge between the plurality of the laser diodes and the skin contacting portion.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein a height of the distance gauge, a distance between successive rows of the diodes, a distance between successive columns of the diodes, or a combination thereof is adjusted to provide the substantially even distribution of the electromagnetic radiation.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the power emitted by each laser diode is 2.5 W.

16. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising supplying a same amount of current to each of the plurality of laser diodes.

17. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising supplying different amounts of current to at least two of the plurality of laser diodes to compensate for variations in efficiency among the laser diodes.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cooling manifold in communication with the source of electromagnetic radiation, the cooling manifold is configured to conduct liquid therethrough to cool the source of electromagnetic radiation.

19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the coolant removes thermal energy from at least a portion of the subcutaneous fat region and overlying skin.