Control rod with outer hafnium skin
View Patent ↗A control rod is used to control the reaction of a nuclear reactor. The control rod comprises one or more internal rodlet(s) and a hafnium skin that serves as the outermost layer, rather than a stainless steel cladding. Several variations on rodlets are contemplated. The rodlets are made of hafnium or Ag—In—Cd. The resulting control rod, due to the lack of a stainless steel cladding, has a greater rod reactivity worth, increased weight, and high flexibility.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a control rod comprising a bare hafnium skin having a tapered bottom end forming a hollow bullet-nose bottom tip, the hafnium skin surrounding a central cavity, and a set of rodlets including at least one central rodlet and at least one distal rodlet, wherein the set of rodlets vary in length with the at least one central rodlet being longer than the at least one distal rodlet, and the at least one distal rodlet being disposed radially outwardly from the at least one central rodlet.
2. An apparatus comprising:
a control rod including:
a bare hafnium skin except optionally having a hafnium oxide outer coating, the hafnium skin having a bullet-nose bottom tip, the hafnium skin surrounding a central cavity; and
a set of rodlets arranged axially within the central cavity, each rodlet extending from a top end of the control rod to a bottom end of the control rod, the rodlets filling the central cavity of the hafnium skin,
wherein the hafnium skin and the rodlets hang under their own weight from a support and the rodlets do not rest on the bullet-nose bottom tip of the hafnium skin and do not depend on the hafnium skin or adjacent rodlets for support.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the set of rodlets comprises:
a plurality of distal rodlets adjacent the hafnium skin and forming a distal annular layer, each distal rodlet having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer and inner surfaces each having a first arc;
and at least one central rodlet at a center of the control rod, each central rodlet having an outer surface, the outer surface having a second arc.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the set of rodlets further comprises:
a plurality of intermediate rodlets forming an intermediate annular layer between the distal annular layer and the at least one central rodlet, each intermediate rodlet having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer and inner surfaces each having a third arc.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hafnium skin has a hafnium oxide outer layer with a thickness of 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers forming an outermost surface of the control rod.
6. An apparatus comprising:
a control rod including:
a hollow hafnium tube including a longitudinal center axis;
a set of rodlets including at least a first rodlet and a second rodlet
disposed inside the hollow hafnium tube; and
a hafnium oxide outer coating disposed on the outer surface of the hollow hafnium tube;
wherein the hafnium oxide outer coating has a thickness of between 5 micrometers and 10 micrometers, and
wherein the first rodlet and the second rodlet of the set of rodlets vary in length, and the second rodlet is disposed radially outwardly of the first rodlet with respect to the longitudinal center axis.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the set of rodlets disposed inside the hollow hafnium tube comprises at least one of hafnium and hafnium oxide.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the set of rodlets disposed inside the hollow hafnium tube comprises an alloy of silver, indium, and cadmium (Ag—In—Cd).
9. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the bullet-nose bottom tip of the hafnium skin is one of:
(1) a hollow bullet-nose bottom tip and
(2) a solid bullet-nose bottom tip.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a bottom end of each rodlet conforms to the hollow bullet-nose bottom tip so that the bottom ends of the set of rodlets extend into the hollow bullet-nose bottom tip of the bare hafnium skin.