Method for producing aromatic amines
The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by catalytically hydrogenating the corresponding aromatic nitro compound, which comprises using a copper catalyst with a support comprising SiO 2 , the SiO 2 having been prepared by wet grinding and subsequent spray drying.
1. A process for preparing an aromatic amine, comprising:
hydrogenating, with a copper catalyst, a corresponding aromatic nitro compound,
wherein:
the copper catalyst comprises a support comprising SiO 2 obtained by wet grinding and subsequent spray drying,
the copper catalyst additionally comprises potassium and zinc,
the copper catalyst has a surface area of from 150 to 380 m 2 /g,
the SiO 2 has a surface area of from 400 to 620 m 2 /g,
the hydrogenating is performed at a pressure of 2 to 20 bar and a temperature of 200 to 300° C.,
the catalyst comprises copper in an amount of 15 to 40% by weight, and
the sum of the potassium and zinc and any additional metals present in the copper catalyst is 1 to 10% by weight.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein a copper content in the copper catalyst is from 25 to 35% by weight.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the copper catalyst additionally comprises at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, barium, chromium, molybdenum, palladium, tungsten, nickel, and cobalt.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein a content or sum of contents by weight of the at least one additional metal is less than a content by weight of copper in the copper catalyst.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic amine is aniline.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the copper catalyst is a fluidized bed catalyst.
7. The process of claim 1 ,
wherein the wet grinding produces SiO 2 particles and
an average particle diameter of the SiO 2 particles is from 1 to 35 μm.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the wet grinding employs a slurry with a solids content of from 10 to 15%.
9. The process of claim 1 , comprising addition of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution during or after the wet grinding.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution is an aqueous NaOH solution.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the copper catalyst is obtained by a process comprising applying copper to the support comprising SiO 2 .
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the applying comprises impregnating the support with a solution comprising copper.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the copper catalyst is obtained by a process comprising applying at least one further metal to the finished support comprising SiO 2 .
14. The process of claim of claim 13 , wherein the applying comprises impregnating the support with a solution comprising the at least one further metal.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic nitro compound comprises nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, or dinitrotoluene.
16. The process of claim 1 , further comprising purification after hydrogenation.