IP Library Granted Patent US 9,028,289
Granted Patent B2
US 9,028,289 · App. 13/324,054 · Granted May 12, 2015

Electron beam welded electrode for industrial spark plugs

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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 9,028,289
App. No.
13/324,054
Granted
May 12, 2015
Kind
B2
Abstract

An industrial spark plug ( 20 ) includes a central electrode ( 24 ) with a central base ( 30 ) formed of a nickel-based material and a central firing tip ( 32 ) formed of an iridium-based material. The central firing tip ( 32 ) has a tip thickness (t ct ) of 0.02 to 0.03 inches, a tip diameter (d ct ) of 0.1184 to 0.1776 inches, and an aspect ratio of 4.736 to 7.104. The central firing tip ( 32 ) is electron beam welded to the central base ( 30 ) to provide a robust joint therebetween. The central electron beam weld ( 36 ) includes a mixture of re-crystallized iridium-based material and re-crystallized nickel-based material extending continuously along and over the entire welding interface. The spark plug ( 20 ) also includes a ground electrode ( 26 ) with a ground firing tip ( 38 ) electron beam welded to a ground base ( 42 ).

Claims (15)

1. A method of forming a spark plug, comprising the steps of:

providing an electrode base extending to a base end,

providing a firing tip having opposite tip sides extending continuously from a tip end to a firing end, wherein the firing tip presents a tip diameter extending between the opposite tip sides and a tip thickness extending from the tip end to the firing end, and wherein the firing tip has an aspect ratio of 4.736 to 8.0, wherein the aspect ratio is equal to the tip diameter before welding the firing tip to the electrode base divided by the tip thickness before welding the firing tip to the electrode base, and

electron beam welding the electrode base and the firing tip together adjacent the base end and the tip end and continuously between the opposite tip sides.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the electron beam welding step includes applying a beam of electrons to the electrode base at an energy of 0.21 to 0.31 kJ/inch 2 and a beam width of 0.008 to 0.012 inches.

3. The method of claim 2 including adjusting the energy and the beam width of the electron beam using a magnetic field.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the electron beam welding step includes applying a beam of electrons to a focal point along the electrode base spaced from the firing tip.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing the base includes providing a nickel-based material and the step of providing the firing tip includes providing an iridium-based material.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing the firing tip includes providing the firing tip with an aspect ratio of 4.736 to 7.104.

7. A method of forming a spark plug, comprising the steps of:

providing an electrode base formed of a nickel-based material extending to a base end,

providing a firing tip formed of an iridium-based material having opposite tip sides extending continuously from a tip end to a firing end, wherein the firing tip presents a tip diameter extending between the opposite tip sides and a tip thickness extending from the tip end to the firing end, wherein the firing tip has an aspect ratio of 4.736 to 7.104, wherein the aspect ratio is equal to the tip diameter before welding the firing tip to the electrode base divided by the tip thickness before welding the firing tip to the electrode base,

electron beam welding the electrode base and the tip end of the firing tip together continuously between the opposite tip sides,

the electron beam welding step including applying a beam of electrons to a focal point of the electrode base spaced from the firing tip at an energy of 0.21 to 0.31 kJ/inch 2 and a beam width of 0.008 to 0.012 inches, and

adjusting the energy and the width of the beam of electrons using a magnetic field.

Assignments (19)
PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (ABL) Recorded Apr 7, 2023
From: TENNECO INC.; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 063268/0506 →
NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS (FIRST LIEN) Recorded Nov 22, 2022
From: DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; TENNECO INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 061989/0689 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Nov 19, 2022
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
To: TENNECO INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Reel/Frame 061971/0156 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Nov 19, 2022
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
To: TENNECO INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; TENNECO INTERNATIONAL HOLDING CORP.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; TENNECO GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC.; CLEVITE INDUSTRIES INC.; TMC TEXAS INC.; CARTER AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FELT PRODUCTS MFG. CO. LLC; MUZZY-LYON AUTO PARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN IP LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PISTON RINGS, LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; F-M MOTORPARTS TSC LLC; F-M TSC REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL VALVE TRAIN INTERNATIONAL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL SEVIERVILLE, LLC; BECK ARNLEY HOLDINGS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL FILTRATION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL FINANCING CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC
Reel/Frame 061975/0218 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Nov 19, 2022
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
To: TENNECO INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Reel/Frame 061975/0031 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Mar 18, 2021
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US, LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC., AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION, LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; TENNECO INC., AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Reel/Frame 056886/0455 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Mar 18, 2021
From: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US, LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC., AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION, LLC, AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; TENNECO INC., AS SUCCESSOR TO FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Reel/Frame 058392/0274 →
SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Mar 17, 2021
From: TENNECO INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.
To: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Reel/Frame 055626/0065 →
SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Dec 1, 2020
From: TENNECO INC.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; DRIV AUTOMOTIVE INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.
To: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Reel/Frame 054555/0592 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jul 22, 2019
From: FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC
Reel/Frame 049821/0536 →
COLLATERAL TRUSTEE RESIGNATION AND APPOINTMENT, JOINDER, ASSUMPTION AND DESIGNATION AGREEMENT Recorded Oct 26, 2018
From: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS CO-COLLATERAL TRUSTEE AND RESIGNING COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
To: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS CO-COLLATERAL TRUSTEE, SUCCESSOR COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 047630/0661 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Oct 22, 2018
From: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.
Reel/Frame 047276/0554 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Oct 22, 2018
From: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.
Reel/Frame 047276/0771 →
CONFIRMATORY GRANT OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN UNITED STATES PATENTS Recorded Oct 9, 2018
From: TENNECO INC.; TENNECO AUTOMOTIVE OPERATING COMPANY INC.; TENNECO INTERNATIONAL HOLDING CORP.; THE PULLMAN COMPANY; TENNECO GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC.; CLEVITE INDUSTRIES INC.; TMC TEXAS INC.; CARTER AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC; FELT PRODUCTS MFG. CO. LLC; MUZZY-LYON AUTO PARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN IP LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PISTON RINGS, LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; F-M MOTORPARTS TSC LLC; F-M TSC REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL VALVETRAIN INTERNATIONAL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL SEVIERVILLE, LLC; BECK ARNLEY HOLDINGS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL FILTRATION LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL FINANCING CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS US LLC
To: WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 047223/0001 →
COLLATERAL TRUSTEE RESIGNATION AND APPOINTMENT AGREEMENT Recorded Apr 3, 2018
From: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
To: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 045822/0765 →
GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN UNITED STATES PATENTS Recorded Sep 26, 2017
From: FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, LLC
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 044013/0419 →
GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN UNITED STATES PATENTS Recorded Jun 23, 2017
From: FEDERAL-MOGUL LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC.; FEDERAL-MOGUL MOTORPARTS CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN LLC; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC.
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 042963/0662 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Jun 20, 2014
From: FEDERAL-MOGUL CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC., A MICHIGAN CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL POWERTRAIN, INC., A MICHIGAN CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL PRODUCTS, INC. , A MISSORI CORPORATION; FEDERAL-MOGUL CHASSIS LLC, A DELAWARE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE
Reel/Frame 033204/0707 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 26, 2012
From: STAMPER, ANDREW; MCINTOSH, GORDON; BAYER, RAYMOND
To: FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY
Reel/Frame 028442/0624 →