INTEGRATED MICRO-OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND CAMERAS INCLUDING THE SAME

1 . A device, comprising:

an optical system including first and second substrates, a first optical element on a first surface of the first substrate, and a second optical element on a second surface of the second substrate, the first and second surfaces being parallel and the first and second optical elements being substantially centered along an optical axis of the optical system; and

an active element positioned in optical communication with the optical system, wherein an imaging function of the optical system is distributed over at least the first and second optical elements.

2 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrates are secured together at substantially planar regions.

3 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active element is on a bottom surface of the second substrate.

4 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a third substrate.

5 . The device as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising a third optical element on the third substrate.

6 . The device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the imaging function is distributed over at least the first through third optical elements.

7 . The device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the active element is on the third substrate.

8 . The device as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the third optical element focuses light output from the first and second optical elements onto the active element.

9 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a third optical element on one of the first and second substrates, the third optical element being substantially centered along the optical axis of the optical system.

10 . The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the imaging function is distributed over at least the first through third optical elements.

11 . The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the third optical element focuses light output from the first and second optical elements onto the active element.

12 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising metal contacts on a bottom surface of the second substrate.

13 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a spacer between the first and second substrates.

14 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a numerical aperture of the optical system is greater than the numerical aperture of either the first or second optical element.

15 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second optical elements is a molded optical element.

16 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second optical elements is an embossed optical element.

17 . The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second optical elements is a direct lithograph.

18 . A device, comprising:

a plurality of substrates providing n parallel surfaces, adjacent substrates being secured at opposing substantially planar regions;

an optical system including a first optical element on a first surface of the n parallel surfaces and a second optical element on a second surface the n parallel surfaces, the first and second surfaces being different, the first and second optical elements being substantially centered along an optical axis of the optical system;

an active element on a surface of a bottom substrate of the plurality of substrates; and

an electrical contact on a bottom surface of the bottom substrate, the electrical contact being in communication with the active element.

19 . The device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein at least two adjacent substrates are secured at a wafer level.

20 . The device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein a numerical aperture of the optical system is greater than the numerical aperture of either the first or second optical element.