Adaptive compressor surge control in a fuel cell system

1. A fuel cell system, comprising:

a fuel cell stack having an anode inlet and a cathode inlet;

an air compressor in fluid communication with the cathode inlet;

at least one sensor adapted to measure a surge indicator; and

a controller in electrical communication with the at least one sensor and configured to adjust an adaptable compressor map in response to the measured surge indicator and establish an operating setpoint of the air compressor based thereon, the adaptable compressor map having a surge line and a surge control distance (SCD), wherein the controller is operable to: establish an initial operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map; monitor the surge indicator; adjust the adaptable compressor map based on the monitored surge indicator; determine a desired operating setpoint based on the adjusted adaptable compressor map; and establish an adapted operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map following the adjustment thereof.

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is one of a pressure transducer, a speed sensor, and a mass flow meter.

3. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is the pressure transducer in communication with an outlet of the air compressor.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the pressure transducer is disposed between the outlet of the air compressor and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.

5. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is the speed sensor adapted to measure a speed of the air compressor.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is the mass flow meter in fluid communication with an inlet of the air compressor.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one sensor includes each of the pressure transducer in communication with an outlet of the air compressor, the speed sensor adapted to measure a speed of the air compressor, and the mass flow meter in fluid communication with an inlet of the air compressor.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller includes a memory.

9. The fuel cell system of claim 8 , wherein the adaptable compressor map is stored in the memory of the controller.

10. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising a motor coupled to the air compressor and in electrical communication with the controller, the controller configured to control a speed of the motor and maintain the operating setpoint of the air compressor.

11. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller monitors the surge indicator by measuring a fluctuation of at least one of a pressure ratio and a mass flow rate to detect an incipient surge.

12. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein controller is further configured to adjust the adaptable compressor map by one of:

i) decreasing the surge line if an incipient surge is detected;

ii) increasing the surge line if the incipient surge is not detected and a desired threshold for the surge line has not been reached; and

iii) maintaining the surge line if the desired threshold of the surge line has been reached.

13. A fuel cell system, comprising:

a fuel cell stack having an anode inlet and a cathode inlet;

an air compressor in fluid communication with the cathode inlet;

a pressure transducer in communication with an outlet of the air compressor;

a speed sensor adapted to measure a speed of the air compressor;

a mass flow meter in fluid communication with an inlet of the air compressor, each of the pressure transducer, the speed sensor and the mass flow meter adapted to measure a surge indicator; and

a controller in electrical communication with the pressure transducer, the speed sensor, and the mass flow meter and configured to adjust an adaptable compressor map in response to the measured surge indicator and establish an operating setpoint of the air compressor based thereon, the adaptable compressor map having a surge line and a surge control distance (SCD), wherein the controller is operable to: establish an initial operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map; monitor the surge indicator; adjust the adaptable compressor mat based on the monitored sure indicator determine a desired operating setpoint based on the adjusted adaptable compressor map; and establish an adapted operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map following the adjustment thereof.

14. A fuel cell system, comprising:

a fuel cell stack having an anode inlet and a cathode inlet;

an air compressor in fluid communication with the cathode inlet;

at least one sensor adapted to measure a surge indicator; and

a controller in electrical communication with the at least one sensor and configured to adjust an adaptable compressor map in response to the measured surge indicator and establish an operating setpoint of the air compressor based thereon, the adaptable compressor map including at least one of a surge line and a surge control distance (SCD) that may be adjusted,

wherein the controller in adjusting the adaptable compressor map is further configured to establish an initial operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map, monitor the surge indicator, adjust the adaptable compressor map based on the monitored surge indicator, determine a desired operating setpoint based on the adjusted adaptable compressor map, and establish an adapted operating setpoint for the air compressor based on the adaptable compressor map following the adjustment thereof.