Illuminated suction apparatus
An illuminated suction apparatus including a hand-held surgical device combining a high-performance non-fiber optic optical waveguide with suction. This device is useful in a wide array of surgical procedures including open and minimally invasive orthopedics.
1. An illuminated suction device, said device comprising:
a suction tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a central portion therebetween, the proximal end fluidly connectable to a vacuum source, wherein the suction tube further comprises an inner surface and an outer surface;
an inner layer of optical cladding disposed circumferentially around the outer surface of the central portion of the suction tube;
a non-fiber optic optical waveguide having a proximal end, a distal end, and a central portion therebetween, wherein light is transmitted through the waveguide by total internal reflection and the light exits the distal end to illuminate a surgical field, and
wherein the optical waveguide is disposed against the suction tube with the inner layer of optical cladding disposed therebetween; and
an outer layer of optical cladding disposed circumferentially around the suction tube, and the optical waveguide.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the suction tube comprises a tube having a cylindrically shaped cross-section.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the suction tube is disposed farther distally than the distal end of the optical waveguide.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a suction control mechanism disposed near the proximal end of the suction tube, the suction control mechanism adapted to control strength of suction provided by the suction tube.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the suction tube is electrically conductive and acts as an electrode for conducting an electrical signal.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein a distal portion of the suction tube remains free of cladding.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the suction tube remains unobstructed by the optical waveguide.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer of optical cladding has an index of refraction between 1 and 1.42.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer of optical cladding forms as tube having a substantially circular cross-section, the inner layer of optical cladding concentric with the suction tube.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide has a refractive index between 1.46 and 1.70.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the optical waveguide has a numerical aperture between 0.33 and 0.7.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the optical waveguide comprises an array of lenses integrally formed in the distal end thereof.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the array of lenses are arranged so that at least a first lens overlaps with a second lens, and wherein a spot of light emitted from the first lens overlaps with a spot of light emitted from the second lens.
14. The device of claim 1 . wherein the distal end of the optical waveguide comprises a plurality of microstructures for extracting light therefrom and adapted to direct the extracted light to form a pre-selected illumination pattern.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises one or more light extracting structures near the distal end and disposed on an outer surface of the optical waveguide, the light extracting structures adapted to extract light from the optical waveguide and adapted to direct the extracted light laterally and distally away from the optical waveguide to form a pre-selected illumination pattern.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide has an inner curved surface and an outer curved surface, and wherein the inner curved surface has a radius of curvature .different than that of the outer curved surface.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein an air gap is maintained between the suction tube and the optical waveguide.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein standoffs disposed on the suction tube or on the optical waveguide prevent engagement of the suction tube and the optical waveguide, thereby helping to maintain the air gap therebetween.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises a polarizing element for polarizing light exiting the distal end of the optical waveguide.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises a filter element for delivering one or more wavelengths of light to the surgical field.
21. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the optical waveguide is not flat.
22. The device of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer of optical cladding has a refractive index between 1.29 and 1.67.
23. The device of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer of optical cladding forms a tube that is non-concentric with the suction tube.
24. The device of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the outer layer of optical cladding directly contacts a portion of the inner layer of optical cladding.
25. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a light conducting conduit integrally formed as a single piece with the proximal end of the optical waveguide, the light conducting conduit adapted to introduce light from a light source into the optical waveguide.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the light conducting conduit comprises two light conducting conduits each having substantially rectangular cross-sections, the two light conducting conduits integrally formed as a single piece with the proximal end of the optical waveguide.
27. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is slidably coupled with the suction tube, and wherein proximal movement of the optical waveguide relative to the suction tube increases spot size of the light exiting the distal end of the optical waveguide, and wherein distal movement of the optical waveguide relative to the suction tube decreases spot size of the light exiting the distal end of the optical waveguide.
28. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a handle coupled to the proximal end of the optical waveguide and the proximal end of the suction tube, wherein an air gap is disposed between the waveguide and an inner surface of the handle.
29. the device of claim 28 , wherein standoffs disposed on an inner surface of the handle or on an outer surface of the optical waveguide prevent engagement of the handle and optical waveguide, thereby helping to maintain the air gap therebetween.
30. A method of manufacturing an illuminated suction apparatus, said method comprising:
providing a suction tube having a proximal end, a distal end, a central section disposed therebetween, an inner surface and an outer surface;
providing a non-fiber optic optical waveguide having a proximal end, a distal end, and an outer surface, wherein the optical waveguide transmits light therethrough by total internal reflection;
fitting an inner layer of optical cladding over the outer surface of the central section of the suction tube;
coupling the optical waveguide with the suction tube, wherein the inner layer of optical cladding is disposed. therebetween; and
fitting an outer layer of optical cladding over the outer surface of the suction tube and over the outer surface of the optical waveguide.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the suction tube comprises a tube having a circular cross-section.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the optical waveguide has a first curved side with a first radius of curvature and a second curved side with a second radius of curvature, wherein the first radius of curvature is different than the second radius of curvature.
33. The method of claim 30 , wherein fitting the inner layer comprises heat shrinking the inner layer onto the suction tube.
34. The method of claim 30 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises an open channel disposed therealong, and coupling the optical waveguide with the suction tube comprises disposing the suction tube in the channel.
35. The method of claim 30 , wherein fitting the outer layer comprises heat shrinking the outer layer onto the suction tube and optical waveguide.