Membrane based contactor module for mass and heat transfer
An apparatus for the transfer of mass and heat including a membrane having a hydrophilic surface and an opposing hydrophobic surface. The construction prevents transmission or leakage of fluids from one side of the membrane to the other regardless of pressure gradients within the membrane bubble point or water intrusion pressure range, but allows the transfer of vaporized fluid from one side of the membrane to the other.
1. An apparatus for mass and heat transfer comprising:
a container defining a general chamber;
a plate and frame configuration secured in the general chamber and comprising a plurality of membrane layers wherein each membrane layer has a hydrophilic side and an opposing hydrophobic side, wherein each membrane layer is positioned relative to adjacent membrane layers so that membrane sides having substantially the same surface properties are adjacent to form hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic channels;
at least one spacer positioned between each pair of adjacent membrane layers;
a first inlet connected to, or integral with, the general container, wherein the first inlet is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic channels;
a first outlet connected to, or integral with, the general container, wherein the first outlet is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic channels;
a second inlet connected to, or integral with, the general container, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the hydrophobic channels; and,
a second outlet connected to, or integral with, the general container, wherein the second outlet is in fluid communication with the hydrophobic channels.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each membrane layer is a single layer having a surface property selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic, wherein one surface of each membrane is treated to have a surface property opposite the surface property of the membrane layer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each membrane layer comprising at least two layers wherein each layer has a surface property opposite the other.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the at least two layers are bonded together wherein the hydrophilic layer is connected to the hydrophobic layer by a connection method selected from the group consisting of stacking, physical and thermal lamination, chemical bonding and combinations thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ends of the plurality of membranes are sealed with adhesives, thermal plastic, ultrasonic and/or vibration bonding methods.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the spacers comprise woven or extruded netting formed from polymeric material.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the spacers comprise spun-bound or melt-blown non-woven fabrics selected from the group consisting of spun bonded polypropylene, spun bonded polyester and combinations thereof.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spacers have a thickness from about 0.1 millimeters to about 10 millimeters.
9. An apparatus for mass and heat transfer comprising:
a container defining a general chamber;
a plate and frame configuration secured in the general chamber and comprising a plurality of membrane layers wherein each membrane layer has a hydrophilic side and an opposing hydrophobic side, wherein each membrane layer is positioned relative to adjacent membrane layers so that membrane sides having substantially the same surface properties are adjacent to form hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic channels; and,
at least one spacer positioned between each pair of adjacent membrane layers.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein each membrane layer is a single layer having a surface property selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic, wherein one surface of each membrane is treated to have a surface property opposite the surface property of the membrane layer.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein each membrane layer comprises at least two layers wherein each layer has a surface property opposite the other.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the at least two layers are bonded together and wherein the hydrophilic layer is connected to the hydrophobic layer by a connection method selected from the group consisting of stacking, physical and thermal lamination, chemical bonding and combinations thereof.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the ends of the plurality of membranes are sealed with adhesives, thermal plastic, ultrasonic and/or vibration bonding methods.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the spacers comprise woven or extruded netting formed from polymeric material.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the spacers con comprise spun-bound or melt-blown non-woven fabrics selected from the group consisting of spun bonded polypropylene, spun bonded polyester and combinations thereof.
16. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the spacers have a thickness from about 0.1 millimeters to about 10 millimeters.
17. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising:
a first inlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the first inlet is in fluid communication with the inner central chamber;
a first outlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the first outlet is in fluid communication with the inner central chamber;
a second inlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the general chamber; and,
a second outlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the second outlet is in fluid communication with the general chamber.
18. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:
a first inlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the first inlet is in fluid communication with the inner central chamber;
a first outlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the first outlet is in fluid communication with the inner central chamber;
a second inlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the general chamber; and,
a second outlet connected to, or integral with, the container, wherein the second outlet is in fluid communication with the general chamber.