Multimode systems and methods for detecting a sample

1. A multimode detection system for detecting one or more samples, comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source;

a reference arm;

a sample arm comprising a sensing substrate having a plurality of sample fields, wherein the sample fields are configured to receive the one or more samples;

a phase difference generator configured to introduce one or more pathlength differences in the reference arm, the sample arm, or both;

a spatial light modulator disposed in an optical path of the reference arm, the sample arm, or both, wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to spatially modulate incident radiation, resultant radiation, co-propagating radiation, or combinations thereof, wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to select a region of interest in a spatial direction, and wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a variable area light valve; and

an imaging spectrometer configured to discriminate between two or more spatially separated sample fields, wherein the imaging spectrometer includes a detector and a grating, wherein the grating comprises a ruling, wherein the ruling is changed to zoom to a given wavelength range generating multiple optical modes,

and wherein an area of the variable area light valve that allows light from the sensing substrate to reach the imaging spectrometer is adjusted to modulate an amount of co-propagating radiation that reaches the imaging spectrometer.

2. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a mechanical light valve, a micro-mechanical light valve, a micro-opto-electro-mechanical structure, a non-mechanical light valve, or combinations thereof.

3. The multimode detection system of claim 2 , wherein the mechanical light valve comprises a micro-electro mechanical system based valve, a variable slit device, or a combination thereof.

4. The multimode detection system of claim 2 , wherein the non-mechanical light valve comprises a liquid crystal based light valve, a digital light processing valve, an electrochromic light valve, or combinations thereof.

5. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , further comprising a definer component disposed on at least a portion of the sensing substrate.

6. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidic device operatively coupled to the sensing substrate, wherein the fluidic device is configured to selectively dispose samples in one or more sample fields.

7. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator is operatively coupled to the electromagnetic radiation source.

8. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein at least one sample field comprises a functionalizing agent.

9. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein the phase difference generator comprises a dielectric material, a stack of glass plates, a liquid crystal, a computer generated hologram, or combinations thereof.

10. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , comprising two or more spatial light modulators, wherein the two or more spatial light modulators are operatively coupled to the sensing substrate, and a reference to modulate co-propagating resultant radiation.

11. The multimode detection system of claim 10 , wherein a first spatial light modulator is configured to define a region of interest in the spatial direction, and wherein a second spatial light modulator is configured to define a region of interest in an imaging direction.

12. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein the imaging spectrometer comprises a two-dimensional detector operatively coupled to the grating.

13. The multimode detection system of claim 12 , wherein the grating is configured to select a range of wavelengths of interest in a dynamic wavelength range.

14. A multimode detection system for detecting one or more samples, comprising:

an electromagnetic radiation source;

a reference arm;

a sample arm comprising a sensing substrate having a plurality of sample fields configured to receive the one or more samples;

a fluidic device operatively coupled to the sensing substrate, wherein the fluidic device is configured to selectively dispose samples in one or more sample fields;

a phase difference generator configured to introduce one or more pathlength differences in the reference arm, the sample arm, or both;

a spatial light modulator disposed in an optical path of the reference arm, the sample arm, or both, wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to spatially modulate incident radiation, resultant radiation, co-propagating radiation, or combinations thereof, wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to select a region of interest in a spatial direction, and wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a variable area light valve, and wherein an area of the variable area light valve that allows light from the sensing substrate to reach a imaging spectrometer is adjusted to modulate an amount of co-propagating radiation that reaches the imaging spectrometer;

a grating configured to receive the modulated light from the spatial light modulator, wherein the grating comprises a ruling, wherein the ruling is changed to zoom to a given wavelength range generating multiple optical modes; and

a detector operatively coupled to the grating for detecting the modulated light, wherein the grating is configured to direct the modulated light to the detector.

15. The multimode detection system of claim 14 , wherein the detector is configured to select a region of interest in an imaging direction.

16. The multimode detection system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source, the reference arm, the sample arm, the phase difference generator, and the spatial light modulator are in a fixed position.