Method for producing a silicon ingot by solidification of a melt comprising a nucleation agent including nanoscale particles

1. A method for producing a silicon ingot comprising the following steps:

providing a container to receive a silicon melt;

providing a temperature control device to control the temperature of the silicon melt in the container;

arranging raw material in the container, said raw material comprising silicon and at least one nucleation agent to assist a heterogeneous nucleation in the silicon melt; and

controlling the temperature in the container such that the raw material is present, during a specific method portion, as silicon melt in the container, which is solidified in a directed manner during a subsequent method portion, wherein the nucleation agent comprises nanoscale particles, said nanoscale particles being mixed with the silicon as a solid material.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoscale particles are supplied to the container as said solid material.

3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a surface of at least 2 m 2 /g.

4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a surface of at least 5 m 2 /g.

5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles have a surface of at least 10 m 2 /g.

6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles form getter centers for movable metal atoms in the silicon ingot.

7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent comprises at least one fraction of a compound of silicon and at least one of the elements selected from the group of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.

8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent comprises at least one fraction of a compound selected from the group of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon oxynitride (Si 2 N 2 O).

9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent is arranged in the container in such that the nucleation agent has a concentration in the silicon melt, which is greater, at least in regions, than a saturation concentration of the nucleation agent in the silicon melt at the crystallization temperature thereof.

10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent is arranged in the container such that a concentration gradient of the nucleation agent occurs in the silicon melt.

11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the concentration is higher in the region of a container base than in a remainder of the silicon melt.

12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles, at least in a specific region in the silicon melt, have a density of at least 10 2 cm −3 .

13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles, at least in a specific region in the silicon melt, have a density of at least 10 4 cm −3 .

14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles, at least in a specific region in the silicon melt, have a density of at least 10 7 cm −3 .

15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a convection is controlled in a targeted manner in the silicon melt, at least during a predetermined method portion by means of the temperature control device.

16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein a convection is controlled in a targeted manner in the silicon melt before the beginning of the solidification of the silicon melt by means of the temperature control device.

17. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent is added to the silicon during filling of the container.

18. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleation agent does not form a coating of the container.

19. A method for producing a silicon ingot comprising the following steps:

providing a container to receive a silicon melt;

providing a temperature control device to control the temperature of the silicon melt in the container;

arranging raw material in the container, said raw material comprising silicon and at least one nucleation agent to assist a heterogeneous nucleation in the silicon melt; and

controlling the temperature in the container such that the raw material is present, during a specific method portion, as silicon melt in the container, which is solidified in a directed manner during a subsequent method portion, wherein the nucleation agent comprises nanoscale particles, said nanoscale particles being formed by melt synthesis, wherein the nucleation agent is completely dissolved in the silicon melt during a method portion.

20. A method according to claim 19 , wherein the nucleation agent does not form a coating of the container.

21. A method for producing a silicon ingot comprising the following steps:

providing a container comprising a container interior space;

providing a temperature control device;

providing silicon in the container interior space;

adding at least one nucleation agent to the silicon in the container interior space; and

controlling the temperature in the container such that the silicon is present, during a specific method portion, as silicon melt in the container, which is solidified in a directed manner during a subsequent method portion, said nucleation agent providing a heterogeneous nucleation in the silicon melt, said nucleation agent comprising nanoscale particles, said nanoscale particles being formed by melt synthesis, wherein the nucleation agent is completely dissolved in the silicon melt during the specific method portion.

22. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the particles have a surface of at least 2 m 2 /g.

23. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the particles have a surface of at least 5 m 2 /g.

24. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the nucleation agent does not form a part of a coating of the container.

25. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the nucleation agent comprises at least one fraction of a compound of silicon and at least one of the elements selected from the group of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.

26. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the nucleation agent comprises at least one fraction of a compound selected from the group of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon oxynitride (Si 2 N 2 O).

27. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the nucleation agent is arranged in the container such that a concentration gradient of the nucleation agent occurs in the silicon melt.

28. A method according to claim 27 , wherein the concentration is higher in the region of a container base than in a remainder of the silicon melt.

29. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the particles, at least in a specific region in the silicon melt, have a density of at least 10 4 cm −3 .

30. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the particles, at least in a specific region in the silicon melt, have a density of at least 10 7 cm −3 .