LEAD-ACID BATTERY DESIGN HAVING VERSATILE FORM FACTOR
An electrochemical cell includes an electrode assembly having a plurality of electrode plates. Each electrode plate includes a current collector having a first portion and a second portion, and each first and second portion having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface. The first and second surfaces of the first portion include a positively charged active material, and the first and second surfaces of the second portion include a negatively charged active material. In addition, the plurality of electrode plates includes at least two electrode plates, such that the electrochemical cell is arranged with a first portion of one plate electrochemically connected to a second portion of a second plate.
1 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
first and second electrochemical cells;
said first and second electrochemical cells each comprising an anode and a cathode;
said anode of said first electrochemical cell disposed opposite said cathode of said first electrochemical cell, with a separator disposed between said anode and said cathode wherein said anode and cathode are electrically insulated and in communication through an ionically conductive medium adsorbed in said separator;
said anode of said first electrochemical cell and said cathode of said second electrochemical cell disposed on a common current collector;
said first and second electrochemical cells are electrically connected and insulated from ionic conduction;
said ionic separation of said first and second electrochemical cells mitigating shunt currents;
said electrochemical cells being disposed to provide volumetric efficiency in three orthogonal directions; and
said first and second electrochemical cells disposed in a common casing.
2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrochemical cells, and any additional electrochemical cells of the device, are disposed to build voltage in any of said three orthogonal directions.
3 . The device of claim 1 wherein the first and second electrochemical cells, and any additional electrochemical cells of the device, are disposed to build capacity in any of said three orthogonal directions.
4 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising said current collector providing substantially uniform current collection granting uniform current density.
5 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrophobic coating disposed on the portion of the common current collector between said anode and said cathode.
6 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising a physical barrier to ionically insulate said first and second electrochemical cells.
7 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising one positive and one negative terminal connection.
8 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising an insulation frame for disposing anodes and cathodes of two or more electrochemical cells in substantially the same plane.
9 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
a first and second electrochemical cells;
said first and second electrochemical cells each comprising an anode and a cathode;
said anode of said first electrochemical cell disposed opposite to said cathode of said first electrochemical cell, with a separator disposed between said anode and said cathode;
said anode of said first electrochemical cell and said cathode of said second electrochemical cell disposed on a common current collector;
said first and second electrochemical cells are ionically insulated and electrically connected;
said ionic insulation of said first and second electrochemical cells mitigating shunt current;
an insulation frame for disposing said anodes and said cathodes of two or more electrochemical cells in substantially the same plane; and
said first and second electrochemical cells disposed in a common casing.
10 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the first and second electrochemical cells, and any additional electrochemical cells of the device, are disposed to build voltage in any of said three orthogonal directions.
11 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the first and second electrochemical cells, and any additional electrochemical cells of the device, are disposed to build capacity in any of said three orthogonal directions.
12 . The device of claim 9 , wherein said anodes and cathodes are substantially radially-shaped segments disposed in said common frame.
13 . The device of claim 9 , wherein said anodes and cathodes are substantially square-shaped segments disposed in said common frame.
14 . The device of claim 9 , wherein said anodes and cathodes are substantially rectangular-shaped segments disposed in said common frame.
15 . The device of claim 9 , wherein said common current collector is substantially shaped as a circular sector.
16 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said frame disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein voltage is increased in the z direction, by disposing additional electrochemical cells in a spiral configuration, maintaining constant capacity.
17 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said frame disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity is increased in the z direction, by connecting in parallel additional strings of electrochemical cells having the same voltage.
18 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said frame disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in series.
19 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said frame disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in parallel.
20 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said frame disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in parallel and multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in series.
21 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising said current collector providing substantially uniform current density.
22 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising a hydrophobic coating disposed on the portion of the current collector between said anode and said cathode.
23 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising a physical barrier to ionically insulate said first and second electrochemical cells.
24 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising one positive and one negative terminal connection.
25 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
a first and second electrochemical cells;
said first and second electrochemical cells each comprising an anode and a cathode;
said anode of said first electrochemical cell disposed opposite said cathode of said first electrochemical cell, with a separator disposed between said anode and said cathode;
said anode of a said first electrochemical cell and said cathode of said second electrochemical cell disposed on a common current collector;
said first and second electrochemical cells are ionically insulated and electrically connected;
said ionic insulation of said first and second electrochemical cells mitigating shunt current;
said anodes and cathodes are configured in substantially radially-shaped sections; and
said first and second electrochemical cells disposed in a common casing.
26 . The device of claim 25 , wherein the first and second electrochemical cells, and any additional electrochemical cells of the device, are arranged to build voltage in any of said three orthogonal directions.
27 . The device of claim 25 , wherein said radially-shaped sections are disposed in a common frame.
28 . The device of claim 25 , wherein said radially-shaped sections are disposed in a spiral configuration.
29 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said anode and cathode disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein voltage is increased in the z direction, by disposing additional electrochemical cells in a spiral configuration, maintaining constant capacity.
30 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said anode and cathode disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity is increased in the z direction, by connecting in parallel additional strings of electrochemical cells having the same voltage.
31 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said anode and cathode disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in series.
32 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said anode and cathode disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in parallel.
33 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said anode and cathode disposed in substantially x and y directions, wherein capacity and voltage are increased in the z direction, by adding multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in parallel and multiple spiral strings of electrochemical cells connected in series.
34 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising said current collector providing substantially uniform current density.
35 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising a hydrophobic coating disposed on the portion of the current collector between said anode and said cathode.
36 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising a physical barrier to ionically isolate said first and second electrochemical cells.
37 . The device of claim 25 , further comprising one positive and one negative terminal connection.