Switching systems and methods for use in uninterruptible power supplies
The present invention may be embodied as an uninterruptible power supply comprising an input section, an output section, an inverter section, and a transformer. The transformer is operatively connected to the input section, the output section, and the inverter section. The uninterruptible power supply operates in a line mode and in a standby mode. In the standby mode, the output section generates an output power signal from a standby signal generated by the inverter section based on the alternative power source and at least one inverter control signal. When the uninterruptible power supply operates in the standby mode, the at least one inverter control signal is pulse-width modulated during at least a first portion of a cycle of the output power signal and not pulse-width modulated during at least a second portion of the cycle of the output power signal.
1. An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load based on an input power signal comprising:
an input section operatively connected to the input power signal;
an output section operatively connected to the load;
an inverter section operatively connected to an alternative power source; and
a transformer operatively connected to the input section, the output section, and the inverter section; wherein
the uninterruptible power supply operates in
a line mode in which the output section generates the output power signal based on the input power signal, and
a standby mode in which the output section generates the output power signal from a standby signal generated by the inverter section based on the alternative power source and at least one inverter control signal;
the output power signal is a quasi square wave having a first change of phase, an upper limit, and a second change of phase;
a cycle of the output power signal comprises a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, in which
the first portion extends from the first change of phase to the upper limit,
the third portion extends from the upper limit to the second change of phase, and
the second portion extends between the first portion and the third portion; and
when the uninterruptible power supply operates in the standby mode, the at least one inverter control signal is
pulse-width modulated during the first portion of a cycle of the output power signal,
held in an ON state during the second portion of the cycle of the output power signal, and
pulse-width modulated during the third portion of the cycle of the output power signal.
2. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 1 , in which a duration of the ON state is varied to regulate the upper limit of the output power signal.
3. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 1 , in which the at least one inverter control signal is switched between an ON state and an OFF state during the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal.
4. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 3 , in which a duty cycle of the inverter control signal during the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal is varied to control a slope of the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal.
5. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 1 , in which:
the quasi square wave of the output power signal further has a lower limit and a third change of phase;
the cycle of the output power signal comprises fourth portion, a fifth portion, and a sixth portion, in which
the fourth portion extends from the second change of phase to the lower limit,
the sixth portion extends from the lower limit to the third change of phase, and
the fifth portion extends between the fourth portion and the sixth portion;
the inverter section generates the standby power signal based on first and second inverter control signals;
the second inverter control signal is
pulse width modulated during the fourth portion of the cycle of the output power signal, and
held in an ON state during the fifth portion of the cycle of the output power signal, and
pulse width modulated during the sixth portion of the cycle of the output power signal.
6. A method of providing an output power signal to a load based on an input power signal comprising the steps of:
connecting an input section to the input power signal;
connecting an output section to the load;
connecting an inverter section to an alternative power source;
connecting a transformer to the input section, the output section, and the inverter section;
operating the uninterruptible power supply in
a line mode in which the output generates the output power signal based on the input power signal, and
a standby mode in which the output section generates the output power signal based on a standby signal generated by the inverter section from the alternative power source and at least one inverter control signal; and
when the uninterruptible power supply operates in the standby mode, generating the at least one inverter control signal such that
the output power signal is a quasi square wave having a first change of phase, an upper limit, and a second change of phase;
a cycle of the output power signal comprises first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, in which
the first portion extends from the first change of phase to the upper limit,
the third portion extends from the upper limit to the second change of phase, and
the second portion extends between the first portion and the third portion; and
the at least one inverter control signal is
pulse-width modulated during the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal; and
held in an ON state during the second portion of the cycle of the output power signal.
7. A method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising the step of varying a duration of the ON state to regulate the upper limit of the output power signal.
8. A method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising the step of switching the at least one inverter control signal between an ON state and an OFF state during the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal.
9. A method as recited in claim 8 , further comprising the step of varying a duty cycle of the inverter control signal during the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal to control a slope of the first and third portions of the cycle of the output power signal.
10. A method as recited in claim 6 , in which:
the modified square wave of the output power signal further has a lower limit and a third change of phase;
the cycle of the output power signal comprises fourth portion, a fifth portion, and a sixth portion, in which
the fourth portion extends from the second change of phase to the lower limit,
the sixth portion extends from the lower limit to the third change of phase, and
the fifth portion extends between the fourth portion and the sixth portion;
the inverter section generates the standby power signal based on first and second inverter control signals; and
the second inverter control signal is
pulse width modulated during the fourth portion of the cycle of the output power signal,
held in an ON state during a fourth portion of the cycle of the output power signal, and
held in the ON state during the fifth portion of the cycle of the output power signal.
11. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 5 , in which:
the first inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase; and
the second inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase.
12. A method as recited in claim 10 , in which:
the first inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase; and
the second inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase.
13. An uninterruptible power supply as recited in claim 1 , in which the first inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase.
14. A method as recited in claim 6 , in which the first inverter control signal is held in the OFF state during the changes of phase.