Classes of modal structured steel with static refinement and dynamic strengthening and method of making thereof
View Patent ↗The present disclosure is directed at formulations and methods to provide new steel alloys having relatively high strength and ductility. The alloys may be provided in sheet or pressed form and characterized by their particular alloy chemistries and identifiable crystalline grain size morphology. The alloys are such that they include boride grains present as pinning phases. Mechanical properties of the alloys in what is termed a Class 1 Steel indicate yield strengths of 300 MPa to 840 MPa, tensile strengths of 630 to 1100 MPa and elongations of 10% to 40%. In what is termed a Class 2 steel, the alloys indicate yield strengths of 300 MPa to 1300 MPa, tensile strengths of 720 MPa to 1580 MPa and elongations of 5% to 35%.
1. A method comprising:
supplying a metal alloy comprising Fe at a level of 53.5 to 72.1 atomic percent, Cr at 10.0 to 21.0 atomic percent, Ni at 2.8 to 14.50 atomic percent, B at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent, Si at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent;
melting said alloy and solidifying to provide a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm and a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm;
mechanical stressing said alloy and/or heating to form at least one of the following grain size distributions and mechanical property profiles, wherein said boride grains provide pinning phases that resist coarsening of said matrix grains:
(a) matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm, boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm, precipitation grain size in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm wherein said alloy indicates a yield strength of 300 MPa to 840 MPa, tensile strength of 630 MPa to 1100 MPa and tensile elongation of 10 to 40%; or
(b) matrix grain size in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm and boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm which has a yield strength of 300 MPa to 600 MPa.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy includes one or more of the following:
V at 1.0 to 3.0 atomic percent;
Zr at 1.0 atomic percent;
C at 0.2 to 3.0 atomic percent;
W at 1.0 atomic percent; or
Mn at 0.2 to 4.6 atomic percent.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said melting is achieved at temperatures in the range of 1100° C. to 2000° C. and solidification is achieved by cooling in the range of 11×10 3 to 4×10 −2 K/s.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy having said grain size distribution (b) is exposed to a stress that exceeds said yield strength of 300 MPa to 600 MPa wherein said grain size remains in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm, said boride grain size remains in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm, along with the formation of precipitation grains of 1 nm to 200 nm wherein said precipitation grains include a hexagonal phase.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said alloy indicates a tensile strength of 720 MPa to 1580 MPa and an elongation of 5% to 35%.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said alloy indicates a strain hardening coefficient of 0.2 to 1.0.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy having said mechanical property profile and grain size distribution (a) or (b) is in the form of sheet.
8. The method of claim 4 wherein said alloy having said grain size in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm, said boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm, and said precipitation grains in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm wherein said precipitation grains include a hexagonal phase, is in the form of sheet.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy having said mechanical property profile and grain size distribution (a) is positioned in a vehicle.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein said alloy is positioned in a vehicle.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy having said mechanical property profile and grain size distribution is positioned in one of a drill collar, drill pipe, tool joint or wellhead.
12. The method of claim 5 wherein said alloy is positioned in one of a drill collar, drill pipe, tool joint or wellhead.
13. A method comprising:
supplying a metal alloy comprising Fe at a level of 53.5 to 72.1 atomic percent, Cr at 10.0 to 21.0 atomic percent, Ni at 2.8 to 14.50 atomic percent, B at 4.00 to 8.00 atomic percent, Si at 4.00 to 8.00 atomic percent;
melting said alloy and solidifying to provide a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm containing 10% to 70% by volume ferrite and a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm wherein said boride grains provide pinning phases that resist coarsening of said matrix grains upon application of heat and wherein said alloy has a yield strength of 300 MPa to 600 MPa;
heating said alloy wherein said grain size is in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm, said boride grain size remains in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and said level of ferrite increases to 20% to 80% by volume;
stressing said alloy to a level that exceeds said yield strength of 300 MPa to 600 MPa wherein said grain size remains in the range at 100 nm to 2000 nm, said boride grain size remains in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm, along with the formation of precipitation grains in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm and said alloy has a tensile strength of 720 MPa to 1580 MPa and an elongation of 5% to 35%.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said alloy includes one or more of the following:
V at 1.0 to 3.0 atomic percent;
Zr at 1.0 atomic percent;
C at 0.2 to 3.0 atomic percent;
W at 1.00 atomic percent; or
Mn at 0.20 to 4.6 atomic percent.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein said melting is achieved at temperature in the range of 1100° C. to 2000° C. and solidification is achieved by cooling in the range of 11×10 3 to 4×10 −2 K/s.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein said alloy is in the form of sheet.
17. A metallic alloy comprising:
Fe at a level of 53.5 to 72.1 atomic percent;
Cr at 10.0 to 21.0 atomic percent;
Ni at 2.8 to 14.5 atomic percent;
B at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent;
Si at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent;
wherein said alloy indicates a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm and a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and wherein said alloy having been exposed to mechanical stress and/or heat to indicate at least one of the following:
(a) exposure to mechanical stress said alloy indicates a mechanical property profile providing a yield strength of 300 MPa to 840 MPa, tensile strength of 630 MPa to 1100 MPa, tensile elongation of 10 to 40%; or
(b) exposure to heat, followed by mechanical stress, said alloy indicates a mechanical property profile providing a yield strength of 300 MPa to 1300 MPa, tensile strength of 720 MPa to 1580 MPa, tensile elongation of 5.0% to 35.0%.
18. The metallic alloy of claim 17 wherein said mechanical property profile (a) includes a strain hardening coefficient of 0.1 to 0.4.
19. The metallic alloy of claim 17 wherein said mechanical property profile (b) includes a strain hardening coefficient of 0.2 to 1.0.
20. The metallic alloy of claim 17 wherein said mechanical property profile (a) comprises the following grain size distribution: a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm and a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and a precipitation grain size in the range of 1.0 nm to 200 nm.
21. The metallic alloy of claim 17 wherein said mechanical property profile (b) comprise the following grain size distribution: a matrix grain size in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm, a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and precipitation grain size in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
22. The metallic alloy of claim 21 wherein said precipitation grain size of 1 nm to 200 nm includes a hexagonal phase.
23. The metallic alloy of claim 17 wherein said alloy includes one or more of the following:
V at 1.0 to 3.0 atomic percent;
Zr at 1.0 atomic percent;
C at 0.2 to 3.0 atomic percent;
W at 1.0 atomic percent; or
Mn at 0.2 to 4.6 atomic percent.
24. The alloy of claim 17 wherein said alloy recited in (a) or (b) is in the form of sheet material.
25. A metallic alloy comprising:
Fe at a level of 53.5 to 72.1 atomic percent;
Cr at 10.0 to 21.0 atomic percent;
Ni at 2.8 to 14.5 atomic percent;
B at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent;
Si at 4.0 to 8.0 atomic percent;
wherein said alloy indicates a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm and a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and wherein said alloy having been exposed to mechanical stress and/or heat to indicate at least one of the following:
(a) exposure to mechanical stress said alloy indicates a mechanical property profile providing a yield strength of 300 MPa to 840 MPa, tensile strength of 630 MPa to 1100 MPa, tensile elongation of 10% to 40%, and a matrix grain size in the range of 500 nm to 20,000 nm, a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm and a precipitation grain size in the range of 1.0 nm to 200 nm; or
(b) exposure to heat followed by mechanical stress, said alloy indicates a mechanical property profile providing a yield strength of 300 MPa to 1300 MPa, tensile strength of 720 MPa to 1580 MPa, tensile elongation of 5% to 35% and a matrix grain size in the range of 100 nm to 2000 nm, a boride grain size in the range of 25 nm to 500 nm, and a precipitation grain size in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
26. The metallic alloy of claim 25 wherein said alloy includes one or more of the following:
V at 1.0 to 3.0 atomic percent;
Zr at 1.0 atomic percent;
C at 0.2 to 3.00 atomic percent;
W at 1.0 atomic percent; or
Mn at 0.20 to 4.6 atomic percent.
27. The alloy of claim 17 wherein said mechanical property profile (a) includes a strain hardening coefficient of 0.1 to 0.4 and said mechanical property profile (b) includes a strain hardening coefficient of 0.2 to 1.0.