Driving circuitry for LED lighting with reduced total harmonic distortion
Conditioning circuits are provided for driving two or more LED groups using a rectified AC input voltage. The conditioning circuits uses analog circuitry to gradually and selectively activate the LED groups based on an instantaneous value of the rectified input voltage. The circuit includes a first series interconnection of a first LED group, a first transistor, and a first resistor, and a second series interconnection of a second LED group, a second transistor, and a second resistor. In one example, the second series interconnection is connected between a drain terminal and a source terminal of the first transistor, while in another example, the second series interconnection is connected between an anode of the first LED group and a source terminal of the first transistor. The first and second LED groups are selectively activated by the rectified voltage applied across the first series interconnection.
1. A circuit comprising:
a first series interconnection of a first light-emitting diode (LED) group, a first transistor, and a first resistor;
a second series interconnection of a second LED group, a second transistor, and a second resistor, wherein:
the second series interconnection is connected between a drain terminal and a source terminal of the first transistor, and
the first and second LED groups are selectively activated by a variable voltage applied across the first series interconnection; and
a rectifier receiving an AC driving voltage at a pair of input terminals, rectifying the received AC driving voltage, and outputting the rectified voltage as the variable voltage at a pair of output nodes,
wherein:
an anode of the first LED group is coupled to one of the pair of output nodes of the rectifier;
a cathode of the first LED group is coupled to the drain terminal of the first transistor;
the source terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a first terminal of the first resistor; and
a gate terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a second terminal of the first resistor and to the other of the pair of output nodes of the rectifier.
2. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein:
an anode of the second LED group is coupled to the drain terminal of the first transistor;
a cathode of the second LED group is coupled to a drain terminal of the second transistor;
a source terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a first terminal of the second resistor; and
a gate terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a second terminal of the second resistor and to the source terminal of the first transistor.
3. The circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a third series interconnection of a third LED group, a third transistor, and a third resistor, wherein:
the third series interconnection is connected between a drain terminal and a source terminal of the second transistor.
4. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second transistors are depletion MOSFET transistors.
5. The circuit according to claim 4 , wherein:
the first resistor is coupled between the source terminal and a gate terminal of the first transistor, and
the first transistor transitions from a conducting state to a non-conducting state when the variable voltage exceeds a first threshold.
6. The circuit according to claim 5 , wherein:
the second LED group is selectively activated when the variable voltage exceeds the first threshold.
7. The circuit according to claim 5 , wherein:
the first and second LED groups have respective threshold voltages,
the first LED group is activated when the variable voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of the first LED group, and
the second LED group is activated when the variable voltage exceeds the sum of the threshold voltages of the first and second LED groups.
8. A circuit comprising:
a first series interconnection of a first light-emitting diode (LED) group, a first transistor, and a first resistor; and
a second series interconnection of a second LED group, a second transistor, and a second resistor, wherein:
the second series interconnection is connected between an anode of the first LED group and a source terminal of the first transistor, and
the first and second LED groups are selectively activated by a variable voltage applied across the first series interconnection; and
a rectifier receiving an AC driving voltage at a pair of input terminals, rectifying the received AC driving voltage, and outputting the rectified voltage as the variable voltage at a pair of output nodes, and wherein:
the anode of the first LED group is coupled to one of the pair of output nodes of the rectifier;
a cathode of the first LED group is coupled to a drain terminal of the first transistor;
the source terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a first terminal of the first resistor; and
a gate terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a second terminal of the first resistor and to the other of the pair of output nodes of the rectifier.
9. The circuit according to claim 8 , wherein:
an anode of the second LED group is coupled to the anode of the first LED group;
a cathode of the second LED group is coupled to a drain terminal of the second transistor;
a source terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a first terminal of the second resistor; and
a gate terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a second terminal of the second resistor and to the source terminal of the first transistor.
10. The circuit according to claim 8 , further comprising:
a third series interconnection of a third LED group, a third transistor, and a third resistor, wherein:
the third series interconnection is connected between the anode of the first LED group and a source terminal of the second transistor.
11. The circuit according to claim 8 , wherein the first and second transistors are depletion MOSFET transistors.
12. The circuit according to claim 11 , wherein:
the first resistor is coupled between the source terminal and a gate terminal of the first transistor, and
the first transistor transitions from a conducting state to a non-conducting state when the variable voltage exceeds a first threshold.
13. The circuit according to claim 12 , wherein:
the second LED group is activated when the variable voltage exceeds the first threshold.
14. The circuit according to claim 12 , wherein:
the first and second LED groups have respective threshold voltages,
the first LED group is activated when the variable voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of the first LED group and does not exceed the first threshold, and
the second LED group is activated when the variable voltage exceeds the threshold voltage of the second LED groups.