Multiple cell liquid crystal optical device with coupled electric field control
A liquid crystal optical device is provided. The optical device includes a liquid crystal cell controlling optical properties of light passing therethrough and has: a liquid crystal layer, a planar electrode located to one side of said liquid crystal layer; an electric field control structure located to the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer; and a wavefront adjustment structure configured to provide optical phase front adjustment. In some embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a conductive floating electrode. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure is a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance. In other embodiments the wavefront adjustment structure a weakly conductive structure having spatially variable sheet resistance having a frequency dependent characteristic.
1. A liquid crystal optical device of the type having at least one liquid crystal layer provided between substrates bearing alignment layers, and a hole-patterned electrode arrangement with a weakly conductive material within an aperture of the arrangement to provide a spatially modulated electric field, characterized in that the hole-patterned electrode arrangement is structured to change a phase front in the liquid crystal layer by having:
an electrically floating electrode structure external to the electrode arrangement over the aperture.
2. The device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the device is a lens, said aperture is essentially circular, and the floating electrode comprises a conductive disc positioned centrally over the aperture.
3. The device as defined in claim 2 , wherein the electrode arrangement is provided on said substrates next to the alignment layers, said conductive disc being located on a side of one of said substrates opposite a ring electrode of said electrode arrangement.
4. The device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the device is a lens, said aperture is essentially circular, and includes a spatially non-uniform layer of said weakly conductive material, the spatially non-uniform layer comprises a ring of weakly conductive material within said aperture.
5. The device as defined in claim 4 , wherein said ring of weakly conductive material is deposited on a substantially uniform layer of said weakly conductive material.
6. The device as defined in claim 4 , wherein the electrode arrangement is provided on said substrates next to the alignment layers.
7. The device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the device comprises:
two said liquid crystal layers having alignment layers arranged essentially in orthogonal directions; and
at least one weakly conductive layer of said weakly conductive material.
8. The device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a spatially non-uniform layer of weakly conductive material.
9. A liquid crystal optical device of the type having two liquid crystal layers each provided between substrates bearing alignment layers, and a hole-patterned electrode arrangement with a weakly conductive material within an aperture of the arrangement to provide a spatially modulated electric field, characterized in that the hole-patterned electrode arrangement is structured to change a phase front in each liquid crystal layer by having one or more of:
an electrically floating electrode structure external to the electrode arrangement over the aperture; and
two spatially non-uniform weakly conductive layers, each weakly conductive layer corresponding to one of said liquid crystal layers, said weakly conductive layers being one of: in contact with each other and in close proximity to each other.
10. The device as defined in claim 9 , wherein the device is a lens, said aperture is essentially circular, and the floating electrode comprises a conductive disc positioned centrally over the aperture.
11. The device as defined in claim 10 , wherein the electrode arrangement is provided on said substrates next to the alignment layers, said conductive disc being located on a side of one of said substrates opposite a ring electrode of said electrode arrangement.
12. The device as defined in claim 9 , wherein said liquid crystal layers have alignment layers arranged essentially in orthogonal directions.
13. A liquid crystal optical device comprising:
a first liquid crystal layer acting on a first polarization provided between substrates bearing alignment layers, a first planar electrode, a first hole patterned electrode and at least one first weakly conductive layer located adjacent to said first hole patterned electrode; and
a second liquid crystal layer acting on a second polarization provided between substrates bearing alignment layers, a second planar electrode, a second hole patterned electrode and at least one second weakly conductive layer located adjacent to said second hole patterned electrode,
said first weakly conductive layer and said second weakly conductive layer being one of:
located in contact with each other; and
in close proximity separated by one of:
a substrate having a high dielectric constant, and
a substrate having a limited conductivity,
electric fields generated in said first and second liquid crystal layers by one or more of said electrodes of the device being influenced by an electrical coupling effect between both weakly conductive layers.
14. A device according to claim 13 wherein said first weakly conductive layer and said second weakly conductive layer are in contact with each other and have distinctly different values of one of sheet resistance, conductivity and frequency dependent characteristics.
15. A device according to claim 13 wherein an effect of said first and second weakly conductive layers on at least one of said electric fields is equivalent to an effect of a single third weakly conductive layer with a sheet resistance substantially equal to an average of the two sheet resistances.
16. A device according to claim 13 wherein each said first weakly conductive layer and said second weakly conductive layer located adjacent to said corresponding hole patterned electrode includes one of: said weakly conductive layer in contact with said corresponding hole patterned electrode spaced apart from said corresponding liquid crystal layer, said weakly conductive layer in contact with said corresponding hole patterned electrode while in close proximity with said corresponding liquid crystal layer, and a doped liquid crystal layer.
17. A device according to claim 16 wherein said first and second weakly conductive layers in contact with said corresponding hole patterned electrode each spaced apart from said corresponding liquid crystal layer are directly adjacent to each other.
18. A device according to claim 16 wherein each of said liquid crystal layers has a substrate adjacent one another, said hole-patterned electrodes being located on said substrate to be essentially in contact with one another, and said hole-patterned electrodes include at least one weakly conductive layer in contact with said hole-patterned electrodes.
19. A device according to claim 13 wherein said first and second weakly conductive layers are one of: a decreased ratio between a separation gap distance between said first and second weakly conductive layers and a dielectric constant of a material providing said gap, and located in contact with each other.
20. A device according to claim 13 wherein said first liquid crystal cell and said second liquid crystal cell share a common substrate located between said first liquid crystal layer and said second liquid crystal layer.
21. A device according to claim 20 wherein said first and second weakly conductive layers are each located on said common substrate.
22. A device according to claim 20 wherein said first hole patterned electrode and said second hole patterned electrode are each located on said common substrate.
23. A device according to claim 20 wherein said common substrate comprises a material with a weakly conductive characteristic.
24. A device according to claim 23 wherein said common substrate functions as both said first and second weakly conductive layers.
25. A device according to claim 13 wherein said electric fields generated in said first and second liquid crystal layers have substantially the same value.
26. A device according to claim 20 wherein said common substrate comprises a pair of fabrication substrates bonded together to form said common substrate.
27. A device according to claim 13 , wherein at least one hole patterned electrode further comprising a segmented hole-patterned electrode for applying asymmetric phase profiles for light tilting, optical image stabilization and sub-pixel shifting.