Leads with spiral of helical segmented electrode arrays and methods of making and using the leads

1. A stimulation lead, comprising:

a lead body comprising a longitudinal surface, a distal end, a proximal end, and a shaft extending along at least a portion of the distal end of the lead body; and

a plurality of segmented electrode members disposed on the shaft along the longitudinal surface of the lead body near the distal end of the lead body, each segmented electrode member comprising

a conductive ring structure which forms at least a partial ring and is disposed on the shaft, and

a single segmented electrode directly attached to the ring structure and comprising an exposed surface configured and arranged for stimulating tissue when the stimulation lead is implanted.

2. The stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the ring structure is coupled to an edge portion of the segmented electrode.

3. The stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the ring structure is coupled to a center portion of the segmented electrode.

4. The stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of segmented electrodes are disposed in a helical or spiral arrangement along the longitudinal surface of the lead.

5. The stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the lead body is disposed over the ring structure of each of the segmented electrodes.

6. The stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the ring structure forms a complete ring.

7. A stimulation lead, comprising:

a lead body comprising a longitudinal surface, a distal end, a proximal end, and an armature extending along at least a portion of the distal end of the lead body, the armature comprising at least two arms and defining at least two cutouts between the arms; and

a plurality of keyed electrode members disposed on the armature along the longitudinal surface of the lead body near the distal end of the lead body, each keyed electrode member comprising

an electrode disposed in one of the cutouts defined by the armature, and

an insulation element which, together with the electrode, forms at least a partial ring around the arms of the armature.

8. The stimulation lead of claim 7 , wherein an inner radius of the electrode is smaller than an inner radius of the insulation element.

9. The stimulation lead of claim 7 , wherein adjacent electrodes are disposed in different cutouts defined by the armature.

10. The stimulation lead of claim 7 , further comprising a plurality of spacers, wherein a spacer is disposed between each adjacent pair of the keyed electrode members.

11. The stimulation lead of claim 7 , further comprising at least one ring electrode disposed near the distal end of the lead.

12. The stimulation lead of claim 7 , wherein the electrode members slidably engage the armature.

13. A stimulation lead, comprising:

a lead body comprising a longitudinal surface, a distal end, and a proximal end;

a non-conductive ribbon wound within the lead body near the distal end of the lead body; and

a plurality of segmented electrode members disposed on the ribbon, each segmented electrode member defining a lumen through which the ribbon enters, passes, and exits.

14. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of segmented electrodes are disposed at regular intervals on the ribbon.

15. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , wherein the ribbon is wound in a spiral or helix.

16. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , wherein each of the segmented electrodes comprises a body and at least one tab extending from the body, wherein the at least one tab is disposed within the lead body.

17. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , wherein adjacent segmented electrodes on the ribbon are disposed on opposite sides of the stimulation lead.

18. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , further comprising a plurality of conductors attached to the segmented electrode members.

19. The stimulation lead of claim 13 , further comprising at least one terminal segmented electrode member disposed on the ribbon, wherein the ribbon terminates at the at least one terminal segmented electrode member.

20. A stimulation lead, comprising:

a lead body comprising a longitudinal surface, a distal end, a proximal end, and a shaft extending along at least a portion of the distal end of the lead body; and

a plurality of segmented electrode members disposed on the shaft along the longitudinal surface of the lead body near the distal end of the lead body, each segmented electrode member comprising

a conductive ring structure which forms complete ring and is disposed on the shaft, and

a single segmented electrode attached to the ring structure and comprising an exposed surface configured and arranged for stimulating tissue when the stimulation lead is implanted.