Methods and compositions for determination of fracture geometry in subterranean formations
View Patent ↗Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing in a formation fracture, a proppant and/or a fracturing fluid that comprises a radiation susceptible material that comprises indium and/or vanadium; irradiating the radiation susceptible material with neutrons; measuring gamma-radiation emitted from the radiation susceptible material in a single pass; wherein the single pass does not involve measuring of background radiation from previous or subsequent logging passes; and determining formation fracture height from the measured gamma-radiation.
1. A proppant, comprising:
a substrate; and
a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the substrate or the coating comprises:
a first radiation susceptible material comprising a vanadium carbon nitride powder, and
a second radiation susceptible material selected from the group consisting of iridium 191, iridium 193, cadmium 113, dysprosium, europium, lutetium, manganese, gold, holmium, rhenium, samarium, tungsten, and combinations thereof, wherein the first radiation susceptible material and the second radiation susceptible material are non-radioactive until bombarded by neutrons.
2. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises 0.01 wt % to about 35 wt % weight percent of the combined first radiation susceptible material and the second radiation susceptible material.
3. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises an organic particle having a filler dispersed therein; and wherein the first radiation susceptible material, the second radiation susceptible material, or both are dispersed within the substrate.
4. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the vanadium carbon nitride powder has a particle size of about 1-15 microns.
5. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises an organic coating, an inorganic coating, or a combination thereof.
6. The proppant of claim 5 , wherein the coating comprises a polymerized epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polymerized phenol-formaldehyde, a polymerized epoxy-modified novolac, a polymerized furan, a polymerized urea-aldehyde, a polymerized melamine-aldehyde, a polyester, a polyalkyd, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde novolac, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde resole, a polymerized phenol-aldehyde, a polymerized resole, a polymerized novolac, a polymerized epoxy modified phenolic, a polymerized urethane resin, polysiloxanes, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
7. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the first radiation susceptible material comprises from 0.01 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the proppant.
8. A fracturing fluid comprising the proppant of claim 1 .
9. A composition, comprising:
a fracturing fluid; and
a proppant disposed in the fracturing fluid, wherein the proppant comprises:
a substrate and a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the substrate or the coating comprises:
at least a first radiation susceptible material comprising a vanadium carbon nitride powder, wherein the radiation susceptible material is non-radioactive until bombarded by neutrons.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the proppant further comprises a second radiation susceptible material selected from the group consisting of iridium 191, iridium 193, cadmium 113, dysprosium, europium, lutetium, manganese, gold, holmium, rhenium, samarium, tungsten, and combinations thereof, wherein the second radiation susceptible material is non-radioactive until bombarded by neutrons.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the vanadium carbon nitride powder has a particle size of about 1-15 microns and wherein the amount of vanadium carbon nitride powder comprises 0.01 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the proppant.
12. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the coating comprises an organic coating selected from the group of a polymerized epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polymerized phenol-formaldehyde, a polymerized epoxy-modified novolac, a polymerized furan, a polymerized urea-aldehyde, a polymerized melamine-aldehyde, a polyester, a polyalkyd, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde novolac, a polymerized phenol formaldehyde resole, a polymerized phenol-aldehyde, a polymerized resole, a polymerized novolac, a polymerized epoxy modified phenolic, a polymerized urethane resin, polysiloxanes, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.