Method and device for compensating for load factors in permanently excited motors
The invention relates methods and devices for compensating for load factors in permanently excited motors, wherein the rotor position is determined from the inductivities of the phases. The methods and devices are characterized by a stabilization of the inductivity-based signals for the determination of the position of the rotor in permanently excited motors against load factors. To this end, advantageously current-dependent faults of the angular values determined during the operation of the motor are corrected. For this purpose, in order to correct the inductivity-based determination of the position of the rotor, in a measuring device either the phase currents are measured or the intermediate circuit current is captured. Furthermore, including at least one motor-specific characteristic value, at least one current-dependent correction value, which is determined from said characteristic value, is applied in a correction device against the inductivity-based signals, which result from the inductivity-based determination of the position of the rotor, of a device for determining the inductivities such that switch states, which are loaded with the correction value by a control device and thus are corrected, are present at a converter for actuating the motor.
1. A device for compensation of load factors in a brushless direct current motor (BLDC) comprised of a stator and a rotor with magnets, wherein the individual phases of the stator are connected in a star connection or delta connection, wherein a rotor position of the rotor is determined based on inductivities of the phases or relations of the phases the device for compensation of load factors comprising:
a measuring device that measures either the phase currents or an intermediate circuit current;
a device that is connected to the motor and determines inductivities representing faulty positions of the rotor and generates inductivity-based signals L u , L v , and L w ;
a correction device that, taking into account motor-specific characteristic values, determines based on the motor-specific characteristic values current-dependent corrective values K u , K v , and K w and links the corrective values K u , K v , and K w with the inductivity-based signals L u , L v , and L w resulting from inductivity-based position determination;
wherein the measuring device and the device that determines inductivities are connected to the correction device;
wherein the motor-specific characteristic values for the correction device are determined motor-specifically based on effects of the inductivities of the motor as a function for a correlation between the angle value and either the phase currents or the intermediate circuit current
experimentally without knowledge of the construction of the motor; or
analytically/simulatively by analysis of the motor construction; or
automatically upon starting the motor;
a control unit that provides a required pulse width modulation (PWM) pattern for a predetermined operation of the motor;
a converter connected to the control unit downstream of the control unit;
wherein the correction device determines corrected inductivity-based signals
L U corr =L U − F U wherein F U =I ZK *K U
L V corr =L V − F V wherein F V =I ZK *K V
L W corr =L W − F W wherein F W =I ZK *K W
based on dividing the electrical period of the motor into six segments and assigning different values for K U , K V , and K W and saving the values in a table;
wherein the device for compensation of load factors determines a corrected rotor position φcorr by using the measured inductivities of the motor representing the faulty position of the rotor and by correcting the measured inductivities so that switch states, corrected by the control unit based on the corrective value, are supplied to the converter for controlling the motor.
2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the correction device moreover is connected with a device that determines a corrective function, wherein the device that determines a corrective function automatically modifies a motor voltage and thus a motor current, wherein the device that determines a corrective function is connected to the correction device so that, based on the inductivity-based position signal and the motor currents, the corrective function can be determined.
3. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the correction device is connected to a determination device as a control loop so that the corrected rotor position φcorr, corrected by the load factors, is obtained from the control loop and is determined based on the corrected signals L U corr, L V corr, and L W corr.
4. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the correction device is connected furthermore with a device for determining corrective functions, wherein a motor voltage and thus a motor current is modified, and wherein the device for determining corrective functions is connected with the correction device so that based on the inductivity-based position signals and the motor currents the corrective functions can be determined.
5. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit is connected through the measuring device and the correction device to the device that determines a corrective function for automatically determining the motor-specific characteristic value upon starting the motor, wherein:
the motor is supplied with current,
the inductivity-based signals are measured at least for two different
motor currents,
the resulting angle values based are determined based on the
inductivities, and
the current-dependent corrective function is determined in the device
for determining the corrective function,
so that an at least linear corrective value is present.
6. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit is connected through the measuring device and the correction device to the device that determines a corrective function for automatically determining the motor-specific characteristic value upon starting the motor, wherein the inductivities are measured at different currents and negligible movement of the motor and the correlation between the calculated angle value and currents is calculated wherein the corrective value in the simplest case is a constant.