Protective Fabrics and Garments
Fabrics with a knit construction using an air jet spun yarn and ring spun yarn that provide electric arc protection are disclosed. Garments made from the fabrics are also disclosed. In addition, devices, systems, and methods are disclosed that are useful for tracking for the purpose of monitoring and alerting the user of a garment and/or others regarding the safety, health, environmental, and security aspects of the garment, user, and/or the environment in which the user is present.
1 . A knitted fabric, comprising:
a first portion comprising a yarn selected from the group consisting of air jet spun yarn, ring spun yarn, and SIRO yarn; and
a second portion comprising a yarn selected from the group consisting of ring spun yarn and SIRO yarn;
wherein said second portion comprises no more than about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the first portion, of a thermoplastic fiber that melts when exposed to an open flame;
wherein said first portion and said second portion are configured in a double knit with a tie yarn; and
wherein said knitted fabric has a basis weight of at least about 6.0 ounces/square yard (OPSY).
2 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said first portion comprises air jet spun yarn; and
wherein said second portion comprises ring spun yarn.
3 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said air jet spun yarn is Murata air jet spun yarn or Murata vortex yarn.
4 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said first portion comprises air jet spun yarn, said air jet spun yarn comprising:
about 80-90%, by weight, based on the total weight of said air jet spun yarn, of at least one hydrophobic fiber;
about 5-15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said air jet spun yarn, of at least one hydrophilic fiber; and
about 0-15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said air jet spun yarn, of at least one aramid fiber; and
wherein said ring spun yarn in said second portion comprises:
about 80-90%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of at least one hydrophobic fiber; and
about 10-15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn of at least hydrophilic fiber; and
about 0-15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring jet spun yarn, of at least one aramid fiber.
5 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fiber comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, polybenzimidazole (PBI), fluoropolymer, and copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
6 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fiber comprises polyacrylonitrile or copolymer thereof.
7 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fiber is modacrylic fiber or modacrylic copolymer fiber.
8 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said hydrophilic fiber comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivative, wool, and copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
9 . A knitted fabric of claim 8 ,
wherein said cellulose derivative is cotton, viscose, linen, rayon, fire-resistant rayon, lyocell, or a combination thereof.
10 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said hydrophilic fiber comprises cotton.
11 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said first portion comprises Murata spun yarn, Murata spun yarn comprising:
about 80%, by weight, based on the total weight of said Murata spun yarn, of modacrylic fiber;
about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said Murata spun yarn, of cotton fiber; and
about 5%, by weight, based on the total weight of said Murata spun yarn, of p-aramid fiber; and
wherein said ring spun yarn comprises:
about 80%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of modacrylic fiber;
about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of cotton fiber; and
about 5%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of p-aramid fiber.
12 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said first portion comprises Murata spun yarn, said Murata spun yarn comprising:
about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of said Murata spun yarn, of modacrylic fiber; and
about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said Murata spun yarn, of cotton fiber; and
wherein said ring spun yarn comprises:
about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of modacrylic fiber; and
about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of said ring spun yarn, of cotton fiber.
13 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 , further comprising a dye.
14 . A knitted fabric of claim 13 ,
wherein said dye is a fluorescent dye.
15 . A knitted fabric of claim 4 ,
wherein said air jet spun yarn comprises at least one optional dye; and
wherein said ring spun yarn comprises at least one optional dye.
16 . A knitted fabric of claim 15 ,
wherein said optional dye is a fluorescent dye.
17 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said knitted fabric has a basis weight of at least about 7.5 ounces/square yard (OPSY).
18 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said knitted fabric has a basis weight of at least about 8.0 ounces/square yard (OPSY).
19 . A knitted fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said knitted fabric has a basis weight of at least about 8.7 ounces/square yard (OPSY).
20 . A garment, comprising the knitted fabric of claim 1 ;
wherein said first portion forms the outside of said garment; and
wherein said second portion forms the inside of said garment.
21 . A garment, comprising:
fabric; and
at least one traceable marker memory device in contact with said fabric;
wherein said traceable marker memory device comprises information selected from the group consisting of identity of said garment, time in/out of a user, elapsed time from a triggering event, physiological characteristic of a user, environmental condition of a user, exposure level of a user, service life of said garment, compliance level of said user, and combinations thereof.
22 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said garment is washable.
23 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said traceable marker memory device is passive.
24 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said traceable marker memory device is active.
25 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said traceable marker memory device is attached to a surface of said garment.
26 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said traceable marker memory device is embedded within said fabric.
27 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said traceable marker memory device is an RFID tag, optical code, magnetic code, smart label, a global positioning system (gps) tag, or a combination thereof.
28 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said fabric is fire-resistant.
29 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said fabric is anti-static.
30 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said fabric is anti-ballistic.
31 . A garment of claim 22 , further comprising:
a sensor.
32 . A garment of claim 31 ,
wherein said sensor measures real-time at least one parameter selected from said global positioning of a user, said physiological characteristic of a user, said environmental condition of a user, said exposure level of a user, and combinations thereof.
33 . A garment of claim 32 ,
wherein said physiological characteristics of a user are selected from the group consisting of body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, blood sugar level, skin resistance, and combinations thereof.
34 . A garment of claim 32 ,
wherein said environmental condition of a user are selected from the group consisting of temperature, humidity, pressure, sound level, weather, chemical hazard exposure, radiation exposure, biological hazard exposure, electrical hazard, and combinations thereof.
35 . A garment of claim 21 ,
wherein said garment is a shirt, pants, underwear, outerwear, footwear, headwear, swimwear, belt, glove, headband, wristband, or a combination thereof.
36 . A system, comprising:
at least one garment of claim 21 ; and
a detector for said traceable marker memory device.
37 . A system, comprising:
at least one garment of claim 21 ;
a detector for said traceable marker memory device; and
a detector for said sensor.
38 . A system of claim 37 ,
wherein said detector for said traceable marker memory device is portable.
39 . A system of claim 36 ,
wherein said detector for said sensor is portable.
40 . A system of claim 36 ,
wherein said detector for said traceable marker memory device is capable of reading said traceable marker memory device and decoding said traceable marker memory device.
41 . A system of claim 36 ,
wherein said detector for said traceable marker memory device is
an RFID reader,
CCD camera with decoding software,
smart label reader,
a GPS control and monitoring system, or
a combination thereof.
42 . A system of claim 36 ,
further comprising an alert said when garment falls outside of at least one criteria for use of said garment.
43 . A method of confirming adherence to a safety, health, or environmental standard of a user of a garment, comprising:
providing at least one garment, comprising:
fabric; and
at, least one traceable marker memory device in contact with said fabric;
wherein said traceable marker comprises information selected from the group consisting of identity of a user, identity of said garment, time in/out of a user, elapsed time from a triggering event, global positioning of a user, physiological characteristic of a user, environmental condition of a user, exposure level of a user, service life of said garment, compliance level of said user, and combinations thereof;
reading said traceable marker to provide usage information; and
determining whether usage information falls outside of at least one criterion for use of said garment.
44 . A method of claim 43 ,
further comprising:
alerting said user that said garment falls outside of at least one criteria for use of said garment.
45 . A method of claim 43 ,
further comprising:
alerting at least one supervisor of said user that said garment falls outside of at least, one criteria for use of said garment.
46 . A method of claim 43 ,
further comprising:
preventing ingress into or egress from a facility.
47 . A method of claim 46 ,
wherein said facility is a chemical plant, a biological manufacturing plant, a waste treatment plant, an oil exploration site, an oil refining site, or a combination thereof.
48 . A method of claim 43 ,
wherein said user is a worker at a chemical, industrial, or oil refining facility, utility worker, firefighter, military personnel, or a combination thereof.