Apparatus, system and method for emulsifying oil and water
An apparatus, system and method for emulsifying oil and water, such as for emulsifying a sizing agent for use in treating paper or paperboard, introduces a continuous phase under pressure through a continuous phase nozzle of a venturi apparatus and into a mixing section. A dispersed phase is introduced optionally under pressure into the mixing section of the venturi apparatus. The emulsion formed in the mixing section is directed through a mixed phase nozzle and out of the venturi apparatus. The mixed phase nozzle diameter of the venturi apparatus is larger than the continuous phase nozzle diameter at a ratio of greater than 1:1 and less than 4:1.
1. A system for emulsifying a dispersed phase in a continuous phase having a venturi apparatus ( 50 ) having a through axis with an input end and an exit end, the system comprising:
a first inlet ( 48 ) for introducing a continuous phase stream in a downstream direction through the venturi apparatus ( 50 ), said venturi apparatus ( 50 ) defining a channel ( 56 ) for
receiving the continuous phase stream that has a first diameter smaller than the first inlet ( 48 ) and that terminates in a concave conical section ( 58 ) on the downstream side of the channel ( 56 ),
a continuous phase nozzle ( 66 ) defining a nozzle through passage having a nozzle passage input aperture at a first axial distance from the input end, and an exterior conical surface, positioned downstream of the conical section ( 58 ), receiving the continuous phase stream, and a nozzle passage output aperture at a second axial distance from the input end, said venturi nozzle ( 80 ) defining an annular second input chamber disposed about the continuous phase nozzle ( 66 ), the annular second input chamber having a first annular second input chamber surface at a third axial distance from the input end, the third axial distance being greater than the first axial distance and less than the second axial distance, and
said venturi nozzle ( 80 ) defining a second inlet ( 62 ) defining a distal passage that directs a dispersed phase into the annular second input chamber,
said venturi nozzle ( 80 ) further defining a conical mixing chamber ( 80 ) defined about a portion of the continuous phase nozzle ( 66 ) exterior conical surface, that tapers in diameter, the first annular second input chamber surface defining an annular passage that fluidly couples the first annular second input chamber to the conical mixing chamber ( 80 ), the conical mixing chamber ( 80 ) is fluidly coupled to a mixed phase nozzle ( 60 ) and to a discharge diffuser,
wherein an emulsion is formed between the continuous phase stream and dispersed phase in the mixing chamber ( 80 ) and the emulsion fed to the mixed phase nozzle ( 60 ) and to the discharge diffuser, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the nozzle passage output passage to the diameter of the continuous phase nozzle is greater than 1:1 and less than 4:1.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first inlet ( 48 ) is configured to accept a continuous phase stream is introduced into the venturi apparatus at a pressure of from about 10 bar to about 50 bar.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump ( 22 ) to pump the continuous phase into the venturi apparatus ( 50 ).
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase nozzle is configured to accept a continuous phase stream has having a velocity in the range of about 10 to 100 m/s through the continuous phase nozzle.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the channel is configured to receive a continuous phase stream which comprises water or an aqueous solution of starch or a polymersolution.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed phase comprises one or more inverse emulsions.
7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the median particle size of the resulting emulsion droplet is less than about 2 microns.
8. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the venturi apparatus is formed of two machined parts, wherein the first part comprises the first inlet, the channel, the conical section, and the continuous phase nozzle, and the second part comprises the second inlet, the conical mixing chamber, the mixed phase nozzle, and the diffuser.
9. The system according to claim 8 , wherein the first part and the second part are threadably connected.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the second inlet is defines a suction inlet that tapers to a conical distal end that conical distal passage directs the dispersed phase material to into a passage tubing that leads to the mixing chamber ( 80 ).
11. A method for emulsifying a sizing agent for use in treating paper or paperboard that comprises introducing under a pressure of from about 10 bar to about 50 bar, a continuous phase at a velocity of about 10 to 100 m/s comprising water or an aqueous solution of starch or a polymer solution into the first inlet of the venturi apparatus ( 50 ) of the system of claim 1 , and introducing a dispersed phase containing at least one sizing agent through the second inlet of the venturi apparatus to form an emulsion of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase in the mixing chamber ( 80 ).
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the dispersed phase comprises cellulose non-reactive paper sizing compounds or cellulose reactive paper sizing compounds, selected from the group consisting of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), alkyl ketene dimer (AKO), ketene dimers, ketene multimers, organic epoxides containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, acyl halides containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid anhydrides from fatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and organic isocyanates containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
13. The method of any of claim 11 , wherein the dispersed phase further comprises one or more surfactants in an amount of from 0.1% to about 5% by weight of said dispersed phase.
14. The method of any of claim 11 , wherein the emulsion has a concentration of dispersed phase in continuous phase of from 2 to 50 percent by weight.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising post-diluting the emulsion and adding the post-diluted emulsion either to a wet end or to a size press or coater for a paper or paperboard making system.
16. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the median particle size of the resulting emulsion droplet is less than about 2 microns.
17. A method for reversing an inverse emulsion that comprises:
introducing under a pressure of from about 10 bar to about 50 bar, a continuous phase containing water into the first inlet of the venturi apparatus ( 50 ) of the system of claim 1 ; and
introducing a dispersed phase containing at least one inverse emulsion through the second inlet of the venturi apparatus of the system of claim 1 .
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the inverse emulsion comprises one or more retention and drainage aids for use in paper or paperboard making systems.