Rocket engine with cryogenic propellants
A cyrogenic-propellant rocket engine includes: at least a first tank for a first liquid propellant; a second tank for a second liquid propellant; a third tank for an inert fluid; an axisymmetrical nozzle including a combustion chamber, a device for injecting first and second liquid propellants into the combustion chamber, a nozzle throat, and a divergent section; and a heater device including at least one duct for conveying the inert fluid and arranged outside the nozzle in immediate proximity thereof, but without making contact therewith, to recover energy of thermal radiation emitted when the rocket engine is in operation and to heat the inert fluid.
1. A cryogenic-propellant rocket engine comprising:
at least a first tank for a first liquid propellant;
a second tank for a second liquid propellant;
a third tank for an inert fluid that is used to pressurize at least one of the first and second tanks;
an axisymmetrical nozzle including a combustion chamber, a device for injecting first and second liquid propellants into the combustion chamber, a nozzle throat, and a divergent section;
a heater device including at least one duct for conveying the inert fluid and arranged outside the nozzle in immediate proximity of the nozzle, but without making contact with the nozzle, exclusively around said divergent section, to recover energy of thermal radiation emitted when the rocket engine is in operation and to heat the inert fluid; and
wherein the heater device comprises a metal structure in which the inert fluid for heating flows and a fine layer that is strongly absorbent from a thermal radiation point of view deposited at least on walls that face the nozzle constituting a radiant power source.
2. A rocket engine according to claim 1 , wherein the heater device comprises at least one torus surrounding the divergent section of the nozzle.
3. A rocket engine according to claim 2 , wherein the heater device comprises two to four tubes surrounding the divergent section of the nozzle.
4. A rocket engine according to claim 3 , wherein the heater device comprises four twisted-together tubes wound around a circle having an axis that coincides with an axis of the divergent section.
5. A rocket engine according to claim 3 , wherein the tubes are arranged for providing a counterflow of the inert fluid in at least one tube.
6. A rocket engine according to claim 1 , wherein the heater device comprises at least one tube wound helically around the divergent section of the nozzle.
7. A rocket engine according to claim 6 , wherein the heater device comprises two to four tubes surrounding the divergent section of the nozzle.
8. A rocket engine according to claim 7 , wherein the heater device comprises four twisted-together tubes wound around a helix having an axis that coincides with an axis of the divergent section.
9. A rocket engine according to claim 7 , wherein the tubes are arranged for providing a counterflow of the inert fluid in at least one tube.
10. A rocket engine according to claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is helium.
11. A rocket engine according to claim 10 , further comprising pipes making a connection between the heater device and a liquid oxygen tank constituting said at least a first tank for a first liquid propellant to supply it with pressurizing helium.
12. A rocket engine according to claim 1 , wherein said at least a first tank for a first liquid propellant includes at least one tank of liquid oxygen.
13. A rocket engine according to claim 12 , further comprising pipes making a connection between the heater device and the liquid oxygen tank to supply it with pressurizing helium.
14. A rocket engine according to claim 1 , wherein the divergent section of the nozzle is made of thermostructural carbon-carbon, carbon-ceramic, or ceramic-ceramic composite material.