ANIONIC CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS IN WATER-IN-WATER POLYMER DISPERSIONS
The present invention relates to water-in-water polymer dispersions containing cross-linked anionic polymers, methods for their preparation and their use. The water-in-water polymer dispersions are useful inter alia as flocculants, dewatering (drainage) aids and retention aids in papermaking.
1 . A method for manufacturing a water-in-water polymer dispersion, the method comprising:
free radical polymerizing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising
(i) an anionic polymeric dispersant and
(ii) a monomer composition comprising
(ii-a) at least 5 wt.-% of a non-ionic monomer of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 means hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, and
R 2 and R 3 mean, independently of each other, hydrogen, C 1 -C 5 -alkyl or C 1 -C 5 -hydroxyalkyl,
based on a total weight of monomers;
(ii-b) at least 5 wt.-% of a radically polymerizable anionic monomer;
(ii-c) 0.0001 to 1.25 wt.-% of one or more cross-linkers, based on the total weight of monomers;
(ii-d) 0 to 1.25 wt.-% of one or more hydrophobic (meth)acrylic acid C 4-18 -alkyl esters, based on the total weight of monomers; and
(ii-e) optionally, a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
to obtain a water-in-water polymer dispersion such that resulting water-in-water polymer dispersion comprises a cross-linked anionic copolymer.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous reaction mixture does not comprise any hydrophobic monomers.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker comprises 2, 3, 4, or 5 ethylenically unsaturated groups.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic monomer of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl(meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)-acrylamide, N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-methyl-N-ethyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylamide.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the radically polymerizable anionic monomer (ii-b) is at least one selected from the group consisting of
an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride,
an olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
an olefinically unsaturated phosphonic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated phosphonic acid,
a sulfomethylated acrylamide, a phosphonomethylated acrylamide, a water-soluble salt of a sulfomethylated acrylamide, and a water-soluble salt of a phosphonomethylated acrylamide.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the anionic polymeric dispersant is a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight M w of at most 2.0×10 6 g/mol.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the anionic polymeric dispersant is an anionic polymer produced by polymerizing at least one second anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of
an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride,
an olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
an olefinically unsaturated phosphonic acid, a water-soluble salt of an olefinically unsaturated phosphonic acid,
a sulfomethylated acrylamide, a phosphonomethylated acrylamide, a water-soluble salt of a sulfomethylated acrylamide, and a water-soluble salt of a phosphonomethylated acrylamide.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one second anionic monomer differs from the radically polymerizable anionic monomer.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
before, after, or before and after the radical polymerizing, adding a water-soluble salt in a quantity of 0.1 to 5.0 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the aqueous reaction mixture, to the aqueous reaction mixture.
10 . A water-in-water polymer dispersion, comprising:
(i) an anionic polymeric dispersant and
(ii) a cross-linked anionic copolymer derived from a monomer composition comprising
(ii-a) at least 5 wt.-% of a non-ionic monomer of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 means hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, and
R 2 and R 3 mean, independently of each other, hydrogen, C 1 -C 5 -alkyl or C 1 -C 5 -hydroxyalkyl,
based on a total weight of monomers;
(ii-b) at least 5 wt.-% of a radically polymerizable anionic monomer;
(ii-c) 0.0001 to 1.25 wt.-% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated cross-linkers, based on the total weight of monomers;
(ii-d) 0 to 1.25 wt.-% of one or more hydrophobic (meth)acrylic acid C 4-18 -alkyl esters, based on the total weight of monomers; and
(ii-e) optionally, a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
11 . The dispersion of claim 10 , obtained by free radical polymerizing the monomer composition in the presence of (i) the anionic polymeric dispersant.
12 . The dispersion of claim 10 , which has a polymer content of 40±20 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the dispersion.
13 . The dispersion of claim 10 , comprising 0.5 to 5.0 wt.-% of at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid and a salt,
wherein an overall content of acid and salt amounts to a maximum of 5.0 wt.-%, based on a total weight of the dispersion.
14 . The dispersion of claim 10 , wherein a relative weight ratio of cross-linked anionic copolymer to anionic polymeric dispersant is >1:1.
15 . A flocculant,
thickener,
contaminant control,
dry strength aid,
retention agent, or drainage aid, comprising the dispersion of claim 10 .
16 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the cross-linker comprises 2, 3, 4, or 5 ethylenically unsaturated groups.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic monomer of formula (I) is (meth)acrylamide.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic monomer of formula (I) is N-methyl(meth)acrylamide.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic monomer of formula (I) is N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic monomer of formula (I) is N,N-dimethyl(meth)-acrylamide.