Magnetic needle biopsy
An apparatus and method for performing biopsies in-vivo using magnetically labeled nanoparticles is disclosed. One embodiment of the apparatus is called a magnetic needle. When used in a biopsy, one embodiment of the present invention collects diseased cells in-vivo which have been tagged with magnetic nanoparticles coated with receptors for specific diseased cells.
1. An apparatus for facilitating removal of a substance from an assay environment containing the substance and other constituents, wherein the substance is susceptible to magnetic attraction preferential to at least some of the other constituents, comprising: a housing; a plurality of magnets mounted with the housing such that the magnets are separated from each other, wherein the housing is configured to be inserted into and removed from the assay environment, and wherein the magnetic fields produced by the magnets when the housing is in the assay environment exert sufficient force on the substance that at least some of the substance is removed from the assay environment when the housing is removed from the assay environment; and a sheath removably mounted with the housing such that constituents of the assay environment are prevent by the sheath from physically contacting the housing or the magnets when the apparatus is placed into the assay environment.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the magnets comprise rare-earth magnets measuring about 2 mm in a first dimension and about 1mm in a second dimension orthogonal to the first dimension, and wherein the magnets are separated from each other by about 2 mm.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the assay environment comprises bone marrow, and wherein the substance is diseased cells to which magnetic nanoparticles have been attached by binding to cell surface features overexpressed in the diseased bone marrow cells relative to other constituents of the bone marrow.
4. An apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the assay environment comprises a bone marrow biopsy.
5. A kit for facilitating removal of a substance from an assay environment, comprising:
an apparatus as in claim 1 ;
a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with a targeting agent that binds to the substance preferentially over other constituents of the assay environment.
6. A kit as in claim 5 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
7. A kit as in claim 5 , wherein the substance comprises diseased cells, and wherein the targeting agent comprises an antibody that binds with a cell surface feature that is expressed by the diseased cells to a greater extent than expressed by other cells in the assay environment.
8. A kit as in claim 7 , wherein the diseased cells comprise leukemia cells, and wherein the targeting agent comprises antibodies directed against CD34.
9. A kit as in claim 5 , wherein the assay environment comprises a bone marrow biopsy.
10. A method of determining minimum residual disease present in a leukemia patient, comprising obtaining cells from a bone marrow biopsy, introducing into the cells magnetic nanoparticles that have been conjugated with targeting agents that preferentially bind to cells indicative of minimum residual disease, introducing an apparatus as in claim 1 into the assay environment containing the cells, removing the apparatus from the assay environment, and examining the cells removed from the assay environment by the apparatus to determine minimum residual disease.
11. A method as in claim 10 , wherein the targeting agent comprises an antibody directed against CD34.
12. A method as in claim 11 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise superparamagnetic nanoparticles.