ADAM6 mice
Mice are provided that comprise a reduction or deletion of ADAM6 activity from an endogenous ADAM6 locus, or that lack an endogenous locus encoding a mouse ADAM6 protein, wherein the mice comprise a sequence encoding an ADAM6 or ortholog or homolog or fragment thereof that is functional in a male mouse. In one embodiment, the sequence is an ectopic ADAM6 sequence or a sequence that confers upon a male mouse the ability to generate offspring by mating. Mice and cells with genetically modified immunoglobulin heavy chain loci that comprise an ectopic nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse ADAM6 or functional fragment or homolog or ortholog thereof are also provided.
1. A genetically modified mouse whose genome comprises:
(a) ectopic placement of an ADAM6 gene; and
(b) a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region locus comprising an insertion of one or more human V H gene segments, one or more human D H gene segments, and one or more human J H gene segments into the endogenous mouse heavy chain locus, wherein the human V H , D H and J H gene segments are operably linked to a heavy chain constant region gene;
so that the mouse is characterized in that:
(i) it is fertile; and
(ii) when it is immunized with an antigen, it generates antibodies comprising heavy chain variable domains encoded by the one or more human V H , one or more human D H , and one or more human J H gene segments, linked to heavy chain constant domains encoded by the heavy chain constant region gene, wherein the antibodies show specific binding to the antigen.
2. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the insertion reduces or eliminates Adam6 activity of a cell or tissue of a male mouse.
3. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the ADAM6 gene is present at the human heavy chain variable region locus.
4. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the ADAM6 gene is present at a position other than the human heavy chain variable gene locus.
5. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the ADAM6 gene includes mouse ADAM6a gene and/or mouse ADAM6b gene.
6. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human V H gene segments includes at least 18, at least 39, or at least 80 human V H gene segments.
7. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region locus comprises at least 18 human V H gene segments, at least one and up to 27 human DH gene segments, and at least one and up to six human J H gene segments.
8. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region locus comprises at least 39 human V H gene segments, at least one and up to 27 human DH gene segments and at least one and up to six human J H gene segments.
9. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region locus comprises 80 human V H gene segments, at least one and up to 27 human DH gene segments, and at least one and up to six human J H gene segments.
10. The mouse of claim 1 , wherein the constant region gene is a mouse constant region gene.
11. The mouse of claim 10 , wherein the mouse constant region gene comprises a constant region selected from a CH 1 , a hinge, a CH 2 , a CH 3 and/or a CH 4 or a combination thereof.
12. The mouse of claim 1 , further comprising an insertion of one or more human Vκ gene segments and one or more human Jκ gene segments into the endogenous κ light chain locus.
13. The mouse of claim 12 , wherein the one or more human Vκ gene segments and one or more human Jκ gene segments are operably linked to a rodent light chain constant region gene.
14. An isolated mouse cell whose genome comprises:
(a) ectopic placement of an ADAM6 gene; and
(b) a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region locus comprising an insertion of one or more human V H gene segments, one or more human D H gene segments, and one or more human J H gene segments into the endogenous heavy chain locus, wherein the human V H , D H and J H gene segments are operably linked to a heavy chain constant region gene.
15. The isolated cell of claim 14 , wherein the cell is an embryonic stem cell.
16. A mouse embryo generated from the embryonic stem cell of claim 15 .
17. The isolated cell of claim 14 , wherein the cell is a B cell.
18. A hybridoma made from the B cell of claim 17 .
19. An immortalized cell made from the isolated cell of claim 14 .
20. A method of providing an antibody specific for an antigen of interest, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) immunizing a mouse of claim 1 with the antigen of interest, which mouse has a genome comprising (a) and (b) of claim 1 ;
(b) isolating at least one B cell from the mouse producing an antibody specific against the antigen; and
(c) culturing at least one cell producing the antibody of step b) and obtaining said produced antibody.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein step (c) further comprises making a hybridoma employing the cell of step (b) and culturing the hybridoma.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one B cell obtained in step (b) is derived from the spleen, a lymph node or bone marrow of the mouse from step (a).
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein immunizing with the antigen of interest in step (a) is carried out with protein, DNA, a combination of DNA and protein, or cells expressing the antigen.