Refrigerating fluid compositions comprising estolide compounds
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A refrigerating fluid composition comprising
one or more estolide compounds; and
at least one refrigerant,
wherein the one or more estolide compounds comprise at least one estolide compound of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is independently optionally substituted.
2. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one refrigerant is selected from a fluorocarbon refrigerant, a hydrocarbon refrigerant, an ether refrigerant, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia.
3. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 2 , wherein the fluorocarbon refrigerant is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, and a hydrofluorocarbon.
4. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 2 , wherein the fluorocarbon refrigerant is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, and a hydrofluorocarbon.
5. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one extreme pressure agent.
6. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one extreme pressure agent comprises a phosphorous extreme pressure agent.
7. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 6 , wherein the phosphorous extreme pressure agent is selected from a phosphoric acid ester, an acidic phosphoric acid ester, an amine phosphate, an amine salt of phosphoric acid, an amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester, a chlorinated acidic phosphoric acid ester, and a phosphorous acid ester.
8. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
9. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15.
10. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
11. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 10 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
12. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
13. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
14. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
15. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein said one or more estolide compounds have a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40° C.
16. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one refrigerant comprises chlorodifluoromethane.
17. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
18. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
19. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein said one or more estolide compounds have an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of estolide linkages in the one or more estolide compounds.
20. The refrigerating fluid composition according to claim 19 , wherein said one or more estolide compounds have a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.