ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT/DYE COMPOSITIONS AND SOLUTIONS THROUGH CORN EXTRACTION
Anthocyanin pigments/dyes are extracted from natural, hybrid or inbred corn kernels by adding corn kernels with less than 5% by weight of corn kernels comprising broken kernels to an aqueous medium to form an aqueous-corn medium. The corn kernels have in excess of 0.1 mg of anthocyanin pigment/dye per gram of corn kernel therein. The anthocyanin pigment/dye in the corn kernels has greater than 40% by weight of anthocyanin as an acid or acylated form of the anthocyanin. The aqueous corn medium is agitated at a temperature above 35° C. The solid corn kernels are separated from the aqueous corn medium to form an extract of anthocyanin in aqueous medium having less than 1.0% solids therein before concentration or purification steps are performed on the extract.
1 . An extraction product from corn kernels comprising an aqueous composition having at least 0.5% by weight of anthocyanin content in water, the anthocyanin content characterized as having less than 65% by weight of non-acylated anthocyanin and at least 35% by weight of acylated anthocyanin and at least 11 chromatographic peaks representing distinct anthocyanin compounds.
2 . The extraction product of claim 1 that satisfies the legal standards of certified organic according to 7 C.F.R. Part 205; Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246, 21 Dec. 2000.
3 . The extraction product of claim 1 having at least 0.5% by weight of anthocyanin content in water, the anthocyanin content characterized as having less than 50% by weight of non-acylated anthocyanin and at least 50% by weight of acylated anthocyanin and at least 14 chromatographic peaks representing distinct anthocyanin compounds.
4 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the anthocyanin content comprises at least 13% by total weight of anthocyanin of cyanidin 3-glucoside and at least 25% by total weight of anthocyanin of cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl)glucoside.
5 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the anthocyanin content comprises at least 5% by total weight of anthocyanin of cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside.
6 . The extraction product of claim 3 that satisfies the legal standards of certified organic according to 7 C.F.R. Part 205; Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246, 21 Dec. 2000.
7 . The extraction product of claim 1 having at least 2% by weight of the anthocyanin content.
8 . The extraction product of claim 1 having at least 4% by weight of the anthocyanin content.
9 . The extraction product of claim 8 that satisfies the legal standards of certified organic according to 7 C.F.R. Part 205; Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246, 21 Dec. 2000.
10 . The extraction product of claim 1 comprising a solid powder or particle having less than 10% by weight water content.
11 . The extraction product of claim 2 comprising a solid powder or particle having less than 10% by weight water content.
12 . A packaged food product containing at least 0.005% by weight of the extraction product of claim 1 in a package with edible ingredients.
13 . The packaged food product of claim 12 , in which the food product meets the legal standards of 7 C.F.R. Part 205; Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246, 21 Dec. 2000 for labeling as organic.
14 . A packaged food product containing at least 0.005% by weight of the extraction product of claim 11 in a package with edible ingredients.
15 . The packaged food product of claim 14 , in which the food product meets the legal standards of 7 C.F.R. Part 205; Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 246, 21 Dec. 2000 for labeling as organic.
16 . The extraction product of claim 1 having an anthocyanin distribution comprising: cyanidin 3-glucoside 11-16%; cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl)galactoside 5-10%; peonidin 3-glucoside 1-5%; cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl)glucoside 30-45%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)galactoside 3-6%; pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl)glucoside 2-6%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside 8-16%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)galactoside 3-8%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)glucoside 1-6%; pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside 1-4%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl)galactoside 1-4%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside 1-4%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl)glucoside 0.5-3%; and peonidin 3-(succinoyl)glucoside 0.1-2.5%.
17 . The extraction product of claim 1 having an anthocyanin distribution comprising: cyanidin 3-glucoside 18-32%; cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl)galactoside 3-8%; peonidin 3-glucoside 1-6%; cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl)glucoside 30-52%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)galactoside 1-5%; pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl)glucoside 0.8-4%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside; 4-10%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)galactoside 2-8%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)glucoside 1-6%; pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside 0.2-2%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl)galactoside 0.2-2%; peonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl)glucoside 0.2-2%; cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl)glucoside 0.2-2%; and peonidin 3-(succinoyl)glucoside 0.1-1.5%.
18 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the extract is exempt from certification as a food colorant under 21 C.F.R. 73.260.
19 . The extraction product of claim 3 wherein the extract is exempt from certification as a food colorant under 21 C.F.R. 73.260.
20 . A personal cosmetic product comprising at least 0.005% by weight of the extraction product of claim 1 in a package with edible ingredients.
21 . The extraction product of claim 1 comprising a first aqueous extraction product from corn kernels having a distribution of extracted anthocyanins comprising by total weight of the anthocyanins selected from the group consisting of A and B of:
ANTHOCYANIN
A
B
cyanidin 3-glucoside
11-16%
18-32%
cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl) galactoside
5-10%
3-8%
peonidin 3-glucoside
1-5%
1-6%
cyanidin 3-(6″-malonoyl) glucoside
30-45%
30-52%
cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl) galactoside
3-6%
1-5%
pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl) glucoside
2-6%
0.8-4%
cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl) glucoside
8-16%
4-10%
peonidin 3-(malonoyl) galactoside
3-8%
2-8%
peonidin 3-(malonoyl) glucoside
1-6%
1-6%
pelargonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl) glucoside
1-4%
0.2-2%
cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl) galactoside
1-4%
0.2-2%
peonidin 3-(malonoyl)(malonoyl) glucoside
1-4%
0.2-2%
cyanidin 3-(malonoyl)(succinoyl) glucoside
0.5-3%
0.2-2%
peonidin 3-(succinoyl) glucoside
0.1-2.5%
0.1-1.5%
22 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the corn kernels are hybrids derived from FAR045 and FAR601.
23 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the corn kernels comprise at least 50% by total weight of corn kernels of at least an inbred.
24 . The extraction product of claim 23 wherein the kernels of at least one inbred has an anthocyanin content characterized as having less than 65% by weight of non-acylated anthocyanin and at least 35% by weight of acylated anthocyanin and at least 11 chromatographic peaks representing distinct anthocyanin compounds.
25 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the corn kernels comprise at least 50% by total weight of corn kernels of at least a hybrid.
26 . The extraction product of claim 25 wherein the kernels of at least one hybrid has an anthocyanin content characterized as having less than 65% by weight of non-acylated anthocyanin and at least 35% by weight of acylated anthocyanin and at least 11 chromatographic peaks representing distinct anthocyanin compounds.
27 . The extraction product of claim 1 wherein the corn kernels comprise at least 50% by total weight of corn kernels of at least a natural corn kernel.
28 . The extraction product of claim 27 wherein the kernels of at least one natural corn has an anthocyanin content characterized as having less than 65% by weight of non-acylated anthocyanin and at least 35% by weight of acylated anthocyanin and at least 11 chromatographic peaks representing distinct anthocyanin compounds.
29 . The extraction product of claim 4 wherein the corn kernels comprise at least 50% by total weight of corn kernels of at least an inbred.
30 . The extraction product of claim 5 wherein the corn kernels comprise at least 50% by total weight of corn kernels of at least an inbred.