Hot box design with a multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control
View Patent ↗A fuel cell stack module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, an anode tail gas oxidizer (ATO) which is located in a heat transfer relationship with the plurality of fuel cell stacks, a base supporting the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the ATO, and at least one heat exchanger located in the base. An ATO exhaust stream and an anode exhaust stream from the fuel cell stacks heat the stack fuel and air inlet streams in a multi-stream heat exchanger.
1. A method of operating a fuel cell stack module, comprising:
providing a fuel inlet stream and an air inlet stream to a plurality of fuel cell stacks, wherein the plurality of fuel cell stacks is an annular array surrounding a central axis with each of the fuel cell stacks having a stacking direction extending parallel to the central axis;
providing an anode tail gas oxidizer (ATO) fuel inlet and a cathode exhaust stream from the plurality of fuel cell stacks into an ATO, wherein the ATO is located in the middle of the annular array and in a heat transfer relationship with the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and
providing an ATO exhaust stream from the ATO to heat the fuel inlet stream and the air inlet stream via heat exchange between the ATO exhaust stream and the fuel and air inlet streams, wherein the heat exchange occurs across a surface between the ATO exhaust stream and each of the fuel and air inlet streams.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing the ATO exhaust stream, the fuel inlet stream and the air inlet stream into a multi-stream heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchange across the surface between the ATO exhaust stream and each of the fuel and air inlet streams occurs within the multi-stream heat exchanger.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
at least one wall of the ATO is coated with an oxidation promoting catalyst material;
and
the heat exchanger is located in an interior volume of a base supporting the ATO and the annular array of fuel cell stacks.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising reforming the fuel inlet stream in the heat exchanger.
5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising providing a water stream into the heat exchanger, vaporizing the water stream into steam using the ATO exhaust steam and providing the steam into the fuel inlet stream in addition to providing the ATO exhaust stream from the ATO to heat the fuel inlet stream and the air inlet stream via heat exchange between the ATO exhaust stream and the fuel and air inlet streams.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising controlling a temperature of the plurality of the fuel cell stacks and a temperature of the ATO by controlling the air inlet stream.
7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising providing an anode exhaust stream from the plurality of fuel cell stacks into the multi-stream heat exchanger to further heat the fuel inlet stream and the air inlet stream using the anode exhaust stream.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange across the surface between the ATO exhaust stream and each of the fuel and air inlet streams comprises the heat exchange between the ATO exhaust stream and each of the fuel and air inlet streams which occurs across heat exchanger plates.