Activated carbon cryogels and related methods
View Patent ↗Carbon cryogels, methods for making the carbon cryogels, methods for storing a gas using the carbon cryogels, and devices for storing and delivering a gas using the carbon cryogels.
1. A composition comprising a carbon material and a gas, wherein the carbon material comprises a nitrogen sorption maximum at a pore size less than 5 nm when the carbon material is analyzed by nitrogen sorption porosimetry at 77° K, and the composition comprises from 0.0010 to 0.015 moles of the gas per gram of the carbon material.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a nitrogen sorption maximum at a pore size ranging from 0.5 nm to 2.0 nm when the carbon material is analyzed by nitrogen sorption porosimetry at 77° K.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a peak pore volume greater than 0.1 cm 3 /g for pores comprising a diameter less than 2 nm.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a total pore volume ranging from 1.0 cm 3 /g to 1.5 cm 3 /g.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a total pore volume ranging from 1.2 cm 3 /g to 1.4 cm 3 /g.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a surface area ranging from 1,500 m 2 /g to 3,000 m 2 /g.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.005 to 0.010 moles of the gas per gram of the carbon material.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gas is natural gas, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, fluorine, nitric oxide, nitrogen trifluoride, silane, ethylene, boron trifluoride, phosphine, arsine, disilane or carbon tetrafluoride.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gas is natural gas or methane.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gas is methane and the composition comprises from 1.63% to 21.05% by mass of methane relative to mass of the carbon material.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition comprises from 15% to 20% by mass of methane relative to mass of the carbon material.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is an activated carbon cryogel.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the activated carbon cryogel comprises an activation percentage ranging from 25% to 75%.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in a closed vessel.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is at room temperature.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material comprises a powder density ranging from 0.20 g/cm 3 to 1.0 g/cm 3 .
17. A composition comprising a carbon material and a gas, wherein the composition comprises from 6.7×10 −4 to 1.3×10 −2 moles of gas per cm 3 of pore volume of the carbon material.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the carbon material comprises a nitrogen sorption maximum at a pore size less than 5 nm when the carbon material is analyzed by nitrogen sorption porosimetry at 77° K.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the carbon material comprises a peak pore volume greater than 0.1 cm 3 /g for pores comprising a diameter less than 2 nm.
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the carbon material comprises a surface area ranging from 1,500 m 2 /g to 3,000 m 2 /g.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition comprises from 3.3×10 −3 to 1.0×10 −2 moles of gas per cm 3 of pore volume of the carbon material.
22. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the gas is natural gas, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, fluorine, nitric oxide, nitrogen trifluoride, silane, ethylene, boron trifluoride, phosphine, arsine, disilane or carbon tetrafluoride.
23. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the gas is natural gas or methane.
24. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the gas is methane and the composition comprises from 1.63% to 21.05% by mass of methane relative to mass of the carbon material.
25. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the carbon material comprises a powder density ranging from 0.20 g/cm 3 to 1.0 g/cm 3 .
26. A composition comprising a carbon material and a gas, wherein the carbon material comprises from 3.3×10 −7 to 2.6×10 −5 moles of the gas per m 2 of the carbon material.
27. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the carbon material comprises a nitrogen sorption maximum at a pore size less than 5 nm when the carbon material is analyzed by nitrogen sorption porosimetry at 77° K.
28. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the carbon material comprises a peak pore volume greater than 0.1 cm 3 /g for pores comprising a diameter less than 2 nm.
29. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the carbon material comprises a total pore volume ranging from 1.0 cm 3 /g to 1.5 cm 3 /g.
30. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the composition comprises from 1.7×10 −6 to 2.0×10 −5 moles of the gas per m 2 of the carbon material.
31. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the gas is natural gas, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, fluorine, nitric oxide, nitrogen trifluoride, silane, ethylene, boron trifluoride, phosphine, arsine, disilane or carbon tetrafluoride.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the gas is natural gas or methane.
33. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the gas is methane and the composition comprises from 1.63% to 21.05% by mass of methane relative to mass of the carbon material.
34. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the carbon material comprises a powder density ranging from 0.20 g/cm 3 to 1.0 g/cm 3 .
35. A vessel comprising the composition of claim 1 .
36. A method for gas storage and distribution, the method comprising providing the vessel of claim 35 and releasing the gas through a conduit to a desired location.