Electrophoretic display

1. An electrophoretic display comprising:

(a) microcups comprising partition walls and top-openings;

(b) an organic-based electrophoretic fluid filled in the microcups, wherein said fluid comprises charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent; and

(c) a top-sealing layer formed from a sealing composition to enclose the electrophoretic fluid within the microcups, the sealing composition comprising:

(i) a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene glycol and its copolymers with polypropylene glycol; poly(vinylpyrolidone) and its copolymers; polysaccharides; gelatin; poly(acrylic acid), its salt forms, and its copolymers; poly(methacrylic acid), its salt forms, and its copolymers; poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate); poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline); poly(2-vinylpyridine); poly(allylamine); polyacrylamide; polymethacrylamide; and a cationic polymer functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups;

(ii) a water-based suspension, a water-based dispersion, a water-based emulsion, or a water-based latex, each comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and the copolymer thereof; and

(iii) water;

wherein the top-sealing layer is on top of, and in contact with, the electrophoretic fluid.

2. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene glycol, poly(vinylpyrolidone), or a copolymer of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and vinyl acetate.

3. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(2-vinylpyridine), poly(allylamine), polyacrylamide, or polymethacrylamide.

4. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is a polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of cellulose, poly(glucosamine), dextran, guar gum, and starch.

5. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is a cationic polymer functionalized with one or more quaternary ammonium groups selected from the group consisting of poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium bromide) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride).

6. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , further comprising a water soluble or water dispersable UV curable monomer, oligomer, or polymer.

7. The electrophoretic display of claim 6 , wherein the water soluble or water dispersable UV curable monomer, oligomer, or polymer is ethoxylated or propoxylated mono, bi, tri, or multifunctional acrylate; ethoxylated or propoxylated mono, bi, tri, or multifunctional methacrylate; or polymers comprising polyethylene glycol.

8. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , further comprising a water soluble or water dispersable thermal crosslinker.

9. The electrophoretic display of claim 8 , wherein the water soluble or water dispersable thermal crosslinker is polyisocyanate, multifunctional polycarbodiimide, multifunctional aziridine, a silane coupling agent, boron/titanium/zirconium based crosslinker, or melamine formaldehydes.

10. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , further comprising two electrode layers and the filled and sealed microcups are sandwiched between the two electrode layers.

11. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 , further comprising one electrode layer and one temporary substrate layer and the filled and sealed microcups are sandwiched between the electrode layer and the temporary substrate layer.

12. The electrophoretic display of claim 11 , wherein said temporary substrate layer further comprising a conductive layer or said temporary substrate layer is conductive itself.