Spark ignition device and ground electrode therefor and methods of construction thereof
A spark ignition device has a ceramic insulator surrounded by a metal shell. The metal shell extends along a longitudinal axis to a distal end. A center electrode is received in the ceramic insulator and extends along the longitudinal axis. A ground electrode has an attachment end fixed by a weld joint to the distal end of the shell and a free end extending from the distal end to provide a spark gap. The weld joint includes a capacitive pulse discharge weld joint and a laser weld joint, which in combination inhibit material expulsion; provide a reliable, strong attachment of the ground electrode to the shell; provide an improved heat transfer path between the ground electrode and the shell, and facilitate repeatable and accurate positioning of the ground electrode to the shell. The weld joint includes a homogeneous mixture of the metal shell and the ground electrode.
1. A spark ignition device, comprising:
an insulator extending along a longitudinal axis;
a metal shell surrounding at least a portion of said insulator, said metal shell extending along said longitudinal axis to a distal end, said distal end presenting a planar surface;
a center electrode received at least in part in said insulator and extending coaxially along said longitudinal axis; and
a ground electrode extending between an attachment end and a free end, said free end of said ground electrode and said center electrode providing a spark gap therebetween, said attachment end of said ground electrode being fixed by a weld joint to said distal end of said shell, said weld joint including a capacitive pulse discharge weld joint and a laser weld joint, and said attachment end of said ground electrode being flush with said planar surface of said metal shell.
2. The spark ignition device of claim 1 wherein said shell and said ground electrode are each formed of a metal material and said weld joint includes a homogeneous mixture of said metal materials.
3. The spark ignition device of claim 1 wherein said distal end of said metal shell extends transversely to said longitudinal axis.
4. The spark ignition device of claim 1 wherein said distal end of said metal shell has a protrusion extending axially from said planar surface, and said ground electrode extends into said protrusion.
5. The spark ignition device of claim 4 wherein said weld joint includes material of said protrusion.
6. The spark ignition device of claim 4 wherein said protrusion is annular.
7. A metal shell for a spark ignition device, comprising:
an annular shell body extending along a longitudinal axis to a distal end, said distal end presenting a planar surface; and
a ground electrode extending between an attachment end and a free end, said attachment end of said ground electrode being fixed by a weld joint to said distal end of said shell body, said weld joint including a capacitive pulse discharge weld joint and a laser weld joint, and said attachment end of said ground electrode being flush with said planar surface of said metal shell.
8. The spark ignition device of claim 7 wherein said shell body and said ground electrode are each formed of a metal material and said weld joint includes a homogeneous mixture of said metal materials.
9. The metal shell of claim 7 wherein said distal end of said metal shell extends transversely to said longitudinal axis.
10. The metal shell of claim 7 wherein said distal end of said metal shell has a protrusion extending axially from said planar surface, and said ground electrode extends into said protrusion.
11. The metal shell of claim 10 wherein said weld joint includes material of said protrusion.
12. The metal shell of claim 10 wherein said protrusion is annular.
13. A method of constructing a spark ignition device, comprising:
providing a generally annular insulator;
disposing a center electrode at least in part in the insulator;
disposing a metal shell around at least a portion of the insulator, the metal shell including a distal end presenting a planar surface and a protrusion extending axially outwardly from the planar surface;
before or after the step of disposing the metal shell around at least a portion of the insulator, capacitive pulse discharge welding an attachment end of a ground electrode to the metal shell, the capacitive pulse discharge welding step including sinking the ground electrode into the protrusion of the metal shell until the attachment end of the ground electrode is flush with the planar surface of the metal shell; and
laser welding the attachment end of the ground electrode to the metal shell.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the laser welding step is performed after the capacitive pulse discharge welding step.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein at least one of the welding steps include forming a homogeneous mixture of the ground electrode and the shell materials.
16. The method of claim 13 further including forming the distal end of the metal shell to include the planar surface extending transversely to the longitudinal axis.
17. The method of claim 16 further including forming the protrusion extending axially from the planar surface.
18. The method of claim 17 further including forming a weld joint via the laser welding to include material of the protrusion.
19. The method of claim 17 further including forming the protrusion to include an annular configuration about the distal end.
20. A method of constructing a metal shell for a spark ignition device, comprising:
providing an annular metal shell extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the metal shell including a distal end presenting a planar surface and a protrusion extending axially outwardly from the planar surface;
providing a ground electrode having an attachment end and a firing end;
capacitive pulse discharge welding the attachment end of the ground electrode to the distal end of the shell, the capacitive pulse discharge welding step including sinking the ground electrode into the protrusion of the metal shell until the attachment end of the ground electrode is flush with the planar surface of the metal shell; and
laser welding the attachment end of the ground electrode to the distal end of the shell.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the laser welding step is after the capacitive pulse discharge welding step.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein at least one of the welding steps include forming a homogeneous mixture of the ground electrode and the shell.
23. The method of claim 20 further including forming the distal end having the planar surface extending transversely to the longitudinal axis.
24. The method of claim 23 further including forming the protrusion extending axially from the planar surface.
25. The method of claim 24 further including forming the protrusion having an annular configuration about the distal end.
26. The method of claim 24 further including forming a weld joint via the laser welding to include material of the protrusion.