System and method for measuring tilt in the crystalline lens for laser phaco fragmentation
A method of generating three dimensional shapes for a cornea and lens, the method including illuminating an eye with multiple sections of light and obtaining multiple sectional images of the eye based on the multiple sections of light. For each obtained multiple sectional image, the following processes are performed: a) automatically identifying arcs corresponding to anterior and posterior corneal and lens surfaces of the eye by image analysis and curve fitting of the obtained multiple sectional images; and b) determining an intersection of lines ray traced back from the identified arcs with a known position of a section of space containing the section of light that generated the obtained multiple sectional images, wherein the intersection defines a three-dimensional arc curve. The method further including reconstructing three-dimensional shapes of the cornea surfaces and the lens surfaces based on fitting the three-dimensional arc curve to a three-dimensional shape.
1. A method of generating modeled three dimensional shapes for a real structure of an eye, the modeled shapes exactly represent the space occupied by the real eye structure, the method comprising:
a) illuminating an eye with multiple sections of light;
b) obtaining multiple sectional images of said eye based on said multiple sections of light;
c) for each one of said obtained multiple sectional images, performing the following processes:
(i) automatically identifying arcs, in two-dimensional space, corresponding to a surface of a real structure of said eye by image analysis and curve fitting of said one of said obtained multiple sectional images, and corresponding to a known position of said real structure of said eye;
(ii) determining an intersection of lines ray traced back from said identified arcs in two-dimensional space with a known position of a section of space containing said section of light that generated said one of said obtained multiple sectional images, wherein said determined intersection defines a three-dimensional arc curve; and
d) transforming said modeled three-dimensional arc curves into a model of said eye and said real structure by scaling a coordinate system of said obtained multiple sectional images to that of said eye, wherein the model comprises said known position; and,
e) wherein said model of said eye and said real structure exactly correspond to a volume and a position occupied by said real eye and said real structure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface of said real structure is an anterior lens surface of said eye; and, the said section of light is a longitudinal sheet of light.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface of said real structure is a posterior lens surface of said eye; and, the said section of light is non-planar.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said surface of said real structure is a surface of a corneal of said eye; and, the said section of light is cylindrical.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said surface of said real structure is an anterior and posterior corneal and lens surfaces of said eye; and, the said section of light is generated by a spiral scan.
6. A method of surgically repairing an eye, the method comprising:
generating three dimensional shapes for a cornea and lens of an eye, the method comprising:
illuminating an eye with multiple sections longitudinal sheets of light;
obtaining multiple sectional images of said eye based on said multiple sections of light;
for each one of said obtained multiple sectional images, performing the following processes:
automatically identifying arcs, in two-dimensional space, corresponding to anterior and posterior corneal and lens surfaces of said eye from said one of said obtained multiple sectional images by image analysis and curve fitting of said one of said obtained multiple sectional images;
determining an intersection of lines ray traced back from said identified arcs in two-dimensional space one of said obtained multiple sectional images to an intersection of said lines with a known position of a section of space containing said section of light that generated said one of said obtained multiple sectional images, wherein said determined intersection defines a three-dimensional arc curve; and
determining coordinates of arcs of said one of said multiple sectional images based on said one of said multiple sectional images and said determining an intersection of lines; and
reconstructing three-dimensional shapes of said anterior and posterior cornea surfaces and said anterior and posterior lens surfaces based on fitting said three-dimensional arc curve to a three-dimensional shape; and
forming cuts in said eye based on said reconstructed three-dimensional shapes of said cornea and said lens.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said forming cuts are done as part of a capsulotomy.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said cornea.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said lens.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said lens, wherein said centering comprises:
finding three-dimensional models for determining centers of curvature for at least two of said anterior and posterior cornea and lens surfaces;
calculating a line from coordinates of said determined centers of curvature;
determining a point where said line intersects said anterior cornea surface; and
centering an IOL on said capsulotomy based on said determined point.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said three dimensional models are spherical three dimensional models.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said three dimensional models are three dimensional surfaces based on Zernike polynomials or their equivalent.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein one of said centers of curvature regards at least on of said anterior and posterior lens surfaces.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein said forming cuts is based on optimizing a laser phaco fragmentation pattern within boundaries of a lens capsule of said eye, even if said eye is tilted with respect to an axis of a laser that generates said phaco fragmentation pattern.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein said forming cuts comprises forming corneal incisions.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said corneal incisions are selected from the group consisting of limbal relaxing incisions and astigmatic keratotomy incisions.
17. The method of claim 6 , wherein said section of light is a longitudinal sheet of light.
18. The method of claim 6 , wherein said section of light is non-planar.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said section of light is cylindrical.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein said section is generated by a spiral scan.
21. A method of generating three dimensional shapes for a cornea and lens of an eye, the method comprising:
illuminating a volume of an eye with multiple sections of light;
obtaining multiple sectional images of said eye based on said multiple sections of light by performing optical coherence tomography;
for each one of said obtained multiple sectional images, performing the following processes:
automatically identifying arcs, in two-dimensional space, corresponding to anterior and posterior corneal and lens surfaces of said eye by image analysis and curve fitting of said one of said obtained multiple sectional images; and
transforming said arcs directly into three-dimensional arc curves by scaling the coordinate system of said obtained multiple sectional images to that of the scanned volume of said eye; and
reconstructing three-dimensional shapes of said anterior and posterior cornea surfaces and said anterior and posterior lens surfaces based on fitting said three-dimensional arc curves to a three-dimensional shape.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said section of light is a longitudinal sheet of light.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said section of light is non-planar.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said section of light is cylindrical.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein said section is generated by a spiral scan.
26. A method of surgically repairing an eye, the method comprising:
generating three dimensional shapes for a cornea and lens of an eye, the method of generating three dimensional shapes comprising:
illuminating an eye with multiple sections of light;
obtaining multiple sectional images of said eye based on said multiple sections of light by performing optical coherence tomography;
for each one of said obtained multiple sectional images, performing the following processes:
automatically identifying arcs, in two-dimensional space, corresponding to anterior and posterior corneal and lens surfaces of said eye from said one of said obtained multiple sectional images by image analysis and curve fitting of said one of said obtained multiple sectional images;
transforming said arcs directly into three-dimensional arc curves by scaling the coordinate system of said obtained multiple sectional images to that of the scanned volume of said eye; and
reconstructing three-dimensional shapes of said anterior and posterior cornea surfaces and said anterior and posterior lens surfaces based on fitting said three-dimensional arc curve to a three-dimensional shape; and
forming cuts in said eye based on said reconstructed three-dimensional shapes of said cornea and said lens.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein said forming cuts are done as part of a capsulotomy.
28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said cornea.
29. The method of claim 27 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said lens.
30. The method of claim 27 , further comprising centering said capsulotomy based on said reconstructed shape of said lens, wherein said centering comprises:
finding three-dimensional models for determining centers of curvature for at least two of said anterior and posterior cornea and lens surfaces;
calculating a line from coordinates of said determined centers of curvature;
determining a point where said line intersects said anterior cornea surface; and
centering an IOL on said capsulotomy based on said determined point.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein said three dimensional models are spherical three dimensional models.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein said three dimensional models are three dimensional surfaces based on Zernike polynomials or their equivalent.
33. The method of claim 30 , wherein one of said centers of curvature regards at least on of said anterior and posterior lens surfaces.
34. The method of claim 26 , wherein said forming cuts is based on optimizing a laser phaco fragmentation pattern within boundaries of a lens capsule of said eye, even if said eye is tilted with respect to an axis of a laser that generates said phaco fragmentation pattern.
35. The method of claim 26 , wherein said forming cuts comprises forming corneal incisions.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein said corneal incisions are selected from the group consisting of limbal relaxing incisions and astigmatic keratotomy incisions.
37. The method of claim 26 , wherein said section of light is a longitudinal sheet of light.
38. The method of claim 26 , wherein said section of light is non-planar.
39. The method of claim 38 , wherein said section of light is cylindrical.
40. The method of claim 38 , wherein said section is generated by a spiral scan.