A transmission includes first and second rotating shafts arranged in parallel and multiple gear sets including gears fixed to the first rotating shaft and rotatable gears rotatably supported on the second rotating shaft. Each gear set includes first and second engagement units engaged with first and second engagement-target portions formed on end surfaces of each rotatable gear and transmitting torque in first and second rotational directions; and a shift mechanism axially and independently moving the first and second engagement units. Each one of the first and second engagement units has a slanted portion allowing the engagement unit to withdraw from the rotatable gear when the other one of the engagement units is disengaged and torque transmitted in a corresponding direction is input. Each one of the first and second engagement unit of each gear set moves integrally with the other one of the engagement units of an adjacent gear set.
1. A transmission comprising:
a first rotating shaft;
a second rotating shaft arranged in parallel with the first rotating shaft; and
a plurality of gear sets that transmit power between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft and that are arranged in order from low to high gear ratios,
wherein each gear set includes a fixed gear that is fixed to the first rotating shaft and a rotatable gear that is supported on the second rotating shaft so as to be rotatable relative to the second rotating shaft and that meshes with the fixed gear,
wherein each gear set includes first engagement means that is engaged with a first engagement-target portion formed on one end surface of the rotatable gear and thus transmits torque in a first rotational direction, second engagement means that is engaged with a second engagement-target portion formed on another end surface of the rotatable gear and transmits torque in a second rotational direction that is a direction opposite to the first rotational direction, and a shift mechanism that moves the first engagement means and the second engagement means independently of each other and relative to the rotatable gear in an axial direction,
wherein the first engagement means has a slanted portion that is contacted by the first engagement-target portion and thus allows the first engagement means to withdraw from the rotatable gear while the second engagement means is disengaged and when torque in the second rotational direction is input,
wherein the second engagement means has a slanted portion that is contacted by the second engagement-target portion and thus allows the second engagement means to withdraw from the rotatable gear while the first engagement means is disengaged and when torque in the first rotational direction is input, and
wherein the first engagement means of each gear set is configured to move integrally with the second engagement means of an adjacent one of the gear sets, and the second engagement means of each gear set is configured to move integrally with the first engagement means of an adjacent one of the gear sets.
2. The transmission according to claim 1 ,
wherein the gear sets corresponding to first to N-th (where N is an integer) gear ratios are arranged in order, and
wherein, between each pair of adjacent gear sets corresponding to the first to N-th gear ratios, the first engagement means of one of the gear sets corresponding to a lower one of the gear ratios and the second engagement means of another one of the gear sets corresponding to a higher one of the gear ratios are arranged so as to move integrally.
3. The transmission according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first engagement means transmits torque while power is off,
wherein the second engagement means transmits torque while power is on, and
wherein the shift mechanism disengages the first engagement means of one of the gear sets that has been engaged before a gear change and concurrently engages the second engagement means of another one of the gear sets that is to be engaged after the gear change, and then, after the second engagement means of the gear set that has been engaged before the gear change is contacted by the second engagement-target portion and thus disengaged, the shift mechanism engages the first engagement means of the gear set that is to be engaged after the gear change.
4. The transmission according to claim 2 ,
wherein the first engagement means transmits torque while power is off,
wherein the second engagement means transmits torque while power is on, and
wherein the shift mechanism disengages the first engagement means of one of the gear sets that has been engaged before a gear change and concurrently engages the second engagement means of another one of the gear sets that is to be engaged after the gear change, and then, after the second engagement means of the gear set that has been engaged before the gear change is contacted by the second engagement-target portion and thus disengaged, the shift mechanism engages the first engagement means of the gear set that is to be engaged after the gear change.
5. The transmission according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed gear is formed integrally with the first rotating shaft.
6. The transmission according to claim 2 , wherein the fixed gear of the plurality of gear sets includes teeth such that a number of the teeth of the fixed gear increases in order from the first gear set to N-th gear set of the gear sets, and
wherein the rotatable gear of the gear sets includes teeth such that a number of the teeth of each rotatable gear decreases in order from the first gear set to N-th gear set of the plurality of gear sets.
7. The transmission according to claim 6 , wherein the slanted portion of the first engagement means is disposed on a surface that is different from a surface of which the teeth of the rotatable gear is pressed against during torque transmission.