Measurement of transmitter I/Q impairments using shared local oscillators
View Patent ↗Systems and methods for measuring transmitter and/or receiver I/Q impairments are disclosed, including iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using shared local oscillators, iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using intentionally-offset local oscillators, and methods for measuring receiver I/Q impairments. Also disclosed are methods for computing I/Q impairments from a sampled complex signal, methods for computing DC properties of a signal path between the transmitter and receiver, and methods for transforming I/Q impairments through a linear system.
1. A method for determining I/Q impairments of a transmitter, the method comprising:
performing a set of operations, wherein the set of operations includes:
(a) directing that a complex exponential tone at frequency f be supplied to the transmitter;
(b) supplying a pre-compensation transformation to a pre-compensation circuit of the transmitter, wherein the pre-compensation circuit is configured to apply the pre-compensation transformation to the complex exponential tone to obtain an adjusted complex signal, wherein the pre-compensation transformation is configured to pre-compensate for a current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit a transmit signal based on the adjusted complex signal, wherein a receiver is configured to receive the transmit signal and capture a sampled complex signal representing the received transmit signal;
(c) computing raw I/Q impairments based on the sampled complex signal;
(d) transforming the raw I/Q impairments to determine transformed I/Q impairments, wherein said transforming removes measured I/Q impairments of the receiver from the raw I/Q impairments;
(e) removing a current estimate of a signal path from the transformed I/Q impairments to obtain path-compensated I/Q impairments, wherein the signal path includes a path from an I/Q modulator of the transmitter to a demodulator of the receiver; and
(f) updating the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter based on the path-compensated I/Q impairments.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
repeating the set of operations to determine a converged estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter, wherein the set of operations is repeated until a quality measure based on the path-compensated I/Q impairments is larger than a threshold, wherein the converged estimate is usable to at least partially compensate for the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequency f.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
performing said repeating a plurality of times to determine said converged estimate at a plurality of different values for the frequency f.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of different values is symmetric about zero, wherein the plurality of different values are ordered so the values alternate in sign and are non-decreasing in magnitude.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a local oscillator of the transmitter and a local oscillator of the receiver are phase locked to the same frequency.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein, in at least a first performance of said set of operations, the current estimate of the signal path is based on a DC scaling and a DC rotation of the signal path.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising determining the DC scaling and the DC rotation by:
supplying a zero vector signal to the transmitter;
supplying a non-zero DC vector signal to the transmitter;
computing the DC scaling and the DC rotation based on a first DC vector response and a second DC vector response, wherein the first DC vector response is measured at the receiver in response to the zero vector signal, wherein the second DC vector response is measured at the receiver in response to the non-zero DC vector signal.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-compensation transformation has the form of a 2×2 matrix, wherein at least a first diagonal element of the matrix is computed from the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequencies f and −f, wherein at least a first non-diagonal element of the matrix is computed from the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequencies f and −f.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the current estimate of the signal path includes a measured amplitude of the sampled complex signal at frequency f.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the current estimate of the signal path also includes a measured rotation of the sampled complex signal at frequency f.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter conforms to a direct-conversion architecture, wherein the demodulator is an I/Q demodulator.
12. A computer system for determining I/Q impairments of a transmitter, the computer system comprising:
a processor; and
memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a set of operations, wherein the set of operations includes:
(a) directing that a complex exponential tone at frequency f be supplied to the transmitter;
(b) supplying a pre-compensation transformation to a pre-compensation circuit of the transmitter, wherein the pre-compensation circuit is configured to apply the pre-compensation transformation to the complex exponential tone to obtain an adjusted complex signal, wherein the pre-compensation transformation is configured to pre-compensate for a current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit a transmit signal based on the adjusted complex signal, wherein a receiver is configured to receive the transmit signal and capture a sampled complex signal representing the received transmit signal;
(c) computing raw I/Q impairments based on the sampled complex signal;
(d) transforming the raw I/Q impairments to determine transformed I/Q impairments, wherein said transforming removes measured I/Q impairments of the receiver from the raw I/Q impairments;
(e) removing a current estimate of a signal path from the transformed I/Q impairments to obtain path-compensated I/Q impairments, wherein the signal path includes a path from an I/Q modulator of the transmitter to a demodulator of the receiver; and
(f) updating the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter based on the path-compensated I/Q impairments.
13. The computer system of claim 12 , wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:
repeat the set of operations to determine a converged estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter, wherein the set of operations is repeated until a quality measure based on the path-compensated I/Q impairments is larger than a threshold, wherein the converged estimate is usable to at least partially compensate for the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequency f.
14. The computer system of claim 13 , wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:
perform said repeating a plurality of times to determine said converged estimate at a plurality of different values for the frequency f.
15. The computer system of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of different values is symmetric about zero, wherein the plurality of different values are ordered so the values alternate in sign and are non-decreasing in magnitude.
16. The computer system of claim 12 , wherein a local oscillator of the transmitter and a local oscillator of the receiver are phase locked to the same frequency.
17. The computer system of claim 16 , wherein, in at least a first performance of said set of operations, the current estimate of the signal path is based on a DC scaling and a DC rotation of the signal path.
18. The computer system of claim 17 , wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to determine the DC scaling and the DC rotation by:
supplying a zero vector signal to the transmitter;
supplying a non-zero DC vector signal to the transmitter;
computing the DC scaling and the DC rotation based on a first DC vector response and a second DC vector response, wherein the first DC vector response is measured at the receiver in response to the zero vector signal, wherein the second DC vector response is measured at the receiver in response to the non-zero DC vector signal.
19. The computer system of claim 12 , wherein the pre-compensation transformation has the form of a 2×2 matrix, wherein at least a first diagonal element of the matrix is computed from the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequencies f and −f, wherein at least a first non-diagonal element of the matrix is computed from the current estimate of the I/Q impairments of the transmitter at frequencies f and −f.
20. The computer system of claim 12 , wherein the current estimate of the signal path includes a measured amplitude of the sampled complex signal at frequency f.
21. The computer system of claim 20 , wherein the current estimate of the signal path also includes a measured rotation of the sampled complex signal at frequency f.